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The Cidr Report
by Tony Bates 10 Nov '97

10 Nov '97

This is an auto-generated mail on Fri Nov 7 12:00:00 PST 1997 It is not checked before it leaves my workstation. However, hopefully you will find this report interesting and will take the time to look through this to see if you can improve the amount of aggregation you perform. The report is split into sections: 0) General Status List the route table history for the last week, list any possibly bogus routes seen and give some status on ASes. 1) Gains by aggregating at the origin AS level This lists the "Top 30" players who if they decided to aggregate their announced classful prefixes at the origin AS level could make a significant difference in the reduction of the current size of the Internet routing table. This calculation does not take into account the inclusion of holes when forming an aggregate so it is possible even larger reduction should be possible. 2) Weekly Delta A summary of the last weeks changes in terms of withdrawn and added routes. Please note that this is only a snapshot but does give some indication of ASes participating in CIDR. Clearly, it is generally a good thing to see a large amont of withdrawls. 3) Interesting aggregates Interesting here means not an aggregate made as a set of classful routes. Thanks to xara.net for giving me access to their routing tables once a day. Please send any comments about this report directly to me. Check http://www.employees.org/~tbates/cidr-report.html for a daily update of this report. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CIDR REPORT for 07Nov97 0) General Status Table History ------------- Date Prefixes 271097 46244 281097 47092 291097 47120 301097 47207 311097 46221 011197 46279 021197 46023 031197 46334 Check http://www.employees.org/~tbates/cidr.plot.html for a plot of the table history. Possible Bogus Routes --------------------- AS Summary ---------- Number of ASes in routing system: 2194 Number of ASes announcing only one prefix: 626 (0 cidr, 626 classful) Largest number of cidr routes: 0 announced by Largest number of classful routes: 942 announced by AS701 1) Gains by aggregating at the origin AS level --- 07Nov97 --- ASnum NetsNow NetsCIDR NetGain % Gain Description AS2493 733 412 321 43.8% iSTAR Internet, Inc. AS3602 546 311 235 43.0% Sprint Canada Inc. AS174 863 666 197 22.8% Performance Systems International AS4293 364 183 181 49.7% IMCI AS816 518 361 157 30.3% UUNET Canada (ASN-UUNETCA-AS4) AS719 682 560 122 17.9% LANLINK autonomous system AS839 124 27 97 78.2% North West Territories Regional N AS3749 122 36 86 70.5% TECNET AS2685 172 89 83 48.3% IBM Global Network - US AS701 942 862 80 8.5% Alternet AS2704 253 176 77 30.4% HOOKUP-NET-A AS2048 159 91 68 42.8% LaNet AS3804 200 136 64 32.0% Bell Solutions AS4648 208 148 60 28.8% NZIX 2 AS5668 94 36 58 61.7% Century Telephone Inc. AS1967 92 36 56 60.9% Middle East Technical University AS1239 611 555 56 9.2% SprintLink Backbone AS1221 393 337 56 14.2% AARNET-AS AS72 84 30 54 64.3% Schlumberger Information Network AS4747 135 82 53 39.3% Taiwan Telecommunication Network AS3464 114 61 53 46.5% ASC-NET AS1 881 830 51 5.8% BBNPLANET AS4763 113 66 47 41.6% Telstra New Zealand AS549 215 169 46 21.4% ONet Backbone AS271 106 60 46 43.4% BCnet Backbone AS1691 170 127 43 25.3% BCTEL AS3561 935 893 42 4.5% MCI AS2711 96 57 39 40.6% SUNBELT-AS AS3564 61 24 37 60.7% Microserve Infromation Systems In AS7545 118 82 36 30.5% TPG Internet Pty Ltd --- 06Nov97 --- ASnum NetsNow NetsCIDR NetGain % Gain Description AS2493 733 412 321 43.8% iSTAR Internet, Inc. AS3602 546 311 235 43.0% Sprint Canada Inc. AS174 863 666 197 22.8% Performance Systems International AS4293 364 183 181 49.7% IMCI AS816 518 361 157 30.3% UUNET Canada (ASN-UUNETCA-AS4) AS719 682 560 122 17.9% LANLINK autonomous system AS839 124 27 97 78.2% North West Territories Regional N AS3749 122 36 86 70.5% TECNET AS2685 172 89 83 48.3% IBM Global Network - US AS701 942 862 80 8.5% Alternet AS2704 253 176 77 30.4% HOOKUP-NET-A AS2048 159 91 68 42.8% LaNet AS3804 200 136 64 32.0% Bell Solutions AS4648 208 148 60 28.8% NZIX 2 AS5668 94 36 58 61.7% Century Telephone Inc. AS1967 92 36 56 60.9% Middle East Technical University AS1239 611 555 56 9.2% SprintLink Backbone AS1221 393 337 56 14.2% AARNET-AS AS72 84 30 54 64.3% Schlumberger Information Network AS4747 135 82 53 39.3% Taiwan Telecommunication Network AS3464 114 61 53 46.5% ASC-NET AS1 881 830 51 5.8% BBNPLANET AS4763 113 66 47 41.6% Telstra New Zealand AS549 215 169 46 21.4% ONet Backbone AS271 106 60 46 43.4% BCnet Backbone AS1691 170 127 43 25.3% BCTEL AS3561 935 893 42 4.5% MCI AS2711 96 57 39 40.6% SUNBELT-AS AS3564 61 24 37 60.7% Microserve Infromation Systems In AS7545 118 82 36 30.5% TPG Internet Pty Ltd --- 05Nov97 --- ASnum NetsNow NetsCIDR NetGain % Gain Description AS2493 733 412 321 43.8% iSTAR Internet, Inc. AS3602 546 311 235 43.0% Sprint Canada Inc. AS174 863 666 197 22.8% Performance Systems International AS4293 364 183 181 49.7% IMCI AS816 518 361 157 30.3% UUNET Canada (ASN-UUNETCA-AS4) AS719 682 560 122 17.9% LANLINK autonomous system AS839 124 27 97 78.2% North West Territories Regional N AS3749 122 36 86 70.5% TECNET AS2685 172 89 83 48.3% IBM Global Network - US AS701 942 862 80 8.5% Alternet AS2704 253 176 77 30.4% HOOKUP-NET-A AS2048 159 91 68 42.8% LaNet AS3804 200 136 64 32.0% Bell Solutions AS4648 208 148 60 28.8% NZIX 2 AS5668 94 36 58 61.7% Century Telephone Inc. AS1967 92 36 56 60.9% Middle East Technical University AS1239 611 555 56 9.2% SprintLink Backbone AS1221 393 337 56 14.2% AARNET-AS AS72 84 30 54 64.3% Schlumberger Information Network AS4747 135 82 53 39.3% Taiwan Telecommunication Network AS3464 114 61 53 46.5% ASC-NET AS1 881 830 51 5.8% BBNPLANET AS4763 113 66 47 41.6% Telstra New Zealand AS549 215 169 46 21.4% ONet Backbone AS271 106 60 46 43.4% BCnet Backbone AS1691 170 127 43 25.3% BCTEL AS3561 935 893 42 4.5% MCI AS2711 96 57 39 40.6% SUNBELT-AS AS3564 61 24 37 60.7% Microserve Infromation Systems In AS7545 118 82 36 30.5% TPG Internet Pty Ltd --- 04Nov97 --- ASnum NetsNow NetsCIDR NetGain % Gain Description AS2493 733 412 321 43.8% iSTAR Internet, Inc. AS3602 546 311 235 43.0% Sprint Canada Inc. AS174 863 666 197 22.8% Performance Systems International AS4293 364 183 181 49.7% IMCI AS816 518 361 157 30.3% UUNET Canada (ASN-UUNETCA-AS4) AS719 682 560 122 17.9% LANLINK autonomous system AS839 124 27 97 78.2% North West Territories Regional N AS3749 122 36 86 70.5% TECNET AS2685 172 89 83 48.3% IBM Global Network - US AS701 942 862 80 8.5% Alternet AS2704 253 176 77 30.4% HOOKUP-NET-A AS2048 159 91 68 42.8% LaNet AS3804 200 136 64 32.0% Bell Solutions AS4648 208 148 60 28.8% NZIX 2 AS5668 94 36 58 61.7% Century Telephone Inc. AS1967 92 36 56 60.9% Middle East Technical University AS1239 611 555 56 9.2% SprintLink Backbone AS1221 393 337 56 14.2% AARNET-AS AS72 84 30 54 64.3% Schlumberger Information Network AS4747 135 82 53 39.3% Taiwan Telecommunication Network AS3464 114 61 53 46.5% ASC-NET AS1 881 830 51 5.8% BBNPLANET AS4763 113 66 47 41.6% Telstra New Zealand AS549 215 169 46 21.4% ONet Backbone AS271 106 60 46 43.4% BCnet Backbone AS1691 170 127 43 25.3% BCTEL AS3561 935 893 42 4.5% MCI AS2711 96 57 39 40.6% SUNBELT-AS AS3564 61 24 37 60.7% Microserve Infromation Systems In AS7545 118 82 36 30.5% TPG Internet Pty Ltd --- 03Nov97 --- ASnum NetsNow NetsCIDR NetGain % Gain Description AS2493 733 412 321 43.8% iSTAR Internet, Inc. AS3602 546 311 235 43.0% Sprint Canada Inc. AS174 863 666 197 22.8% Performance Systems International AS4293 364 183 181 49.7% IMCI AS816 518 361 157 30.3% UUNET Canada (ASN-UUNETCA-AS4) AS719 682 560 122 17.9% LANLINK autonomous system AS839 124 27 97 78.2% North West Territories Regional N AS3749 122 36 86 70.5% TECNET AS2685 172 89 83 48.3% IBM Global Network - US AS701 942 862 80 8.5% Alternet AS2704 253 176 77 30.4% HOOKUP-NET-A AS2048 159 91 68 42.8% LaNet AS3804 200 136 64 32.0% Bell Solutions AS4648 208 148 60 28.8% NZIX 2 AS5668 94 36 58 61.7% Century Telephone Inc. AS1967 92 36 56 60.9% Middle East Technical University AS1239 611 555 56 9.2% SprintLink Backbone AS1221 393 337 56 14.2% AARNET-AS AS72 84 30 54 64.3% Schlumberger Information Network AS4747 135 82 53 39.3% Taiwan Telecommunication Network AS3464 114 61 53 46.5% ASC-NET AS1 881 830 51 5.8% BBNPLANET AS4763 113 66 47 41.6% Telstra New Zealand AS549 215 169 46 21.4% ONet Backbone AS271 106 60 46 43.4% BCnet Backbone AS1691 170 127 43 25.3% BCTEL AS3561 935 893 42 4.5% MCI AS2711 96 57 39 40.6% SUNBELT-AS AS3564 61 24 37 60.7% Microserve Infromation Systems In AS7545 118 82 36 30.5% TPG Internet Pty Ltd --- 02Nov97 --- ASnum NetsNow NetsCIDR NetGain % Gain Description AS2493 733 412 321 43.8% iSTAR Internet, Inc. AS3602 545 311 234 42.9% Sprint Canada Inc. AS174 924 705 219 23.7% Performance Systems International AS4293 364 184 180 49.5% IMCI AS816 520 364 156 30.0% UUNET Canada (ASN-UUNETCA-AS4) AS719 682 560 122 17.9% LANLINK autonomous system AS839 124 27 97 78.2% North West Territories Regional N AS3749 123 36 87 70.7% TECNET AS701 946 866 80 8.5% Alternet AS2704 252 177 75 29.8% HOOKUP-NET-A AS2048 159 91 68 42.8% LaNet AS3804 200 136 64 32.0% Bell Solutions AS4648 208 148 60 28.8% NZIX 2 AS5668 94 36 58 61.7% Century Telephone Inc. AS1967 92 36 56 60.9% Middle East Technical University AS1239 611 555 56 9.2% SprintLink Backbone AS1221 392 336 56 14.3% AARNET-AS AS72 84 30 54 64.3% Schlumberger Information Network AS4747 135 82 53 39.3% Taiwan Telecommunication Network AS3464 113 62 51 45.1% ASC-NET AS1 879 828 51 5.8% BBNPLANET AS549 216 168 48 22.2% ONet Backbone AS4763 113 66 47 41.6% Telstra New Zealand AS271 105 60 45 42.9% BCnet Backbone AS1691 170 127 43 25.3% BCTEL AS3561 936 894 42 4.5% MCI AS2711 96 57 39 40.6% SUNBELT-AS AS3564 61 24 37 60.7% Microserve Infromation Systems In AS7545 118 82 36 30.5% TPG Internet Pty Ltd AS6412 48 12 36 75.0% Gulfnet International --- 01Nov97 --- ASnum NetsNow NetsCIDR NetGain % Gain Description AS2493 731 411 320 43.8% iSTAR Internet, Inc. AS3602 548 312 236 43.1% Sprint Canada Inc. AS174 929 709 220 23.7% Performance Systems International AS4293 365 180 185 50.7% IMCI AS816 520 363 157 30.2% UUNET Canada (ASN-UUNETCA-AS4) AS2685 269 123 146 54.3% IBM Global Network - US AS719 682 560 122 17.9% LANLINK autonomous system AS839 124 27 97 78.2% North West Territories Regional N AS3749 123 36 87 70.7% TECNET AS701 944 864 80 8.5% Alternet AS2704 251 173 78 31.1% HOOKUP-NET-A AS3804 200 136 64 32.0% Bell Solutions AS4648 208 148 60 28.8% NZIX 2 AS5668 94 36 58 61.7% Century Telephone Inc. AS2048 141 84 57 40.4% LaNet AS1967 92 36 56 60.9% Middle East Technical University AS1239 611 555 56 9.2% SprintLink Backbone AS1221 392 336 56 14.3% AARNET-AS AS72 84 30 54 64.3% Schlumberger Information Network AS3464 117 63 54 46.2% ASC-NET AS4747 135 82 53 39.3% Taiwan Telecommunication Network AS1 885 834 51 5.8% BBNPLANET AS549 220 172 48 21.8% ONet Backbone AS4763 113 66 47 41.6% Telstra New Zealand AS271 107 61 46 43.0% BCnet Backbone AS1691 170 127 43 25.3% BCTEL AS3561 935 893 42 4.5% MCI AS2711 96 57 39 40.6% SUNBELT-AS AS3564 61 24 37 60.7% Microserve Infromation Systems In AS7545 118 82 36 30.5% TPG Internet Pty Ltd --- 31Oct97 --- ASnum NetsNow NetsCIDR NetGain % Gain Description AS2493 753 426 327 43.4% iSTAR Internet, Inc. AS3602 546 311 235 43.0% Sprint Canada Inc. AS174 934 718 216 23.1% Performance Systems International AS4293 367 178 189 51.5% IMCI AS816 511 360 151 29.5% UUNET Canada (ASN-UUNETCA-AS4) AS2685 269 123 146 54.3% IBM Global Network - US AS839 124 27 97 78.2% North West Territories Regional N AS719 620 523 97 15.6% LANLINK autonomous system AS3749 123 36 87 70.7% TECNET AS701 946 867 79 8.4% Alternet AS2704 253 177 76 30.0% HOOKUP-NET-A AS2048 161 91 70 43.5% LaNet AS1967 109 43 66 60.6% Middle East Technical University AS3804 201 137 64 31.8% Bell Solutions AS4648 204 144 60 29.4% NZIX 2 AS5668 94 36 58 61.7% Century Telephone Inc. AS1239 611 555 56 9.2% SprintLink Backbone AS1221 392 336 56 14.3% AARNET-AS AS3464 118 63 55 46.6% ASC-NET AS72 84 30 54 64.3% Schlumberger Information Network AS4747 135 82 53 39.3% Taiwan Telecommunication Network AS1 885 834 51 5.8% BBNPLANET AS549 220 172 48 21.8% ONet Backbone AS4763 113 66 47 41.6% Telstra New Zealand AS271 105 60 45 42.9% BCnet Backbone AS3561 936 894 42 4.5% MCI AS2711 96 57 39 40.6% SUNBELT-AS AS1691 160 122 38 23.8% BCTEL AS3564 61 24 37 60.7% Microserve Infromation Systems In AS7545 118 82 36 30.5% TPG Internet Pty Ltd 2) Weekly Delta This a daily snapshot of changes in classful routes being withdrawn and added. the deltas are calculated over a rolling 7 day period. Please bear in mind this is purely a "snapshot" and a large flucuation could be caused by a connectivity problem for example. However, this does give some indication of service providers that are moving to classless routing. Top 20 Withdrawn Classful Routes from 31Oct97 to 07Nov97 -97 AS2685 IBM Global Network - US -71 AS174 Performance Systems International -34 AS5769 Videotron Telecom Ltee -32 AS8013 PSINET-CA -31 AS1761 Texas Dept. of Information Resour -24 AS6064 INTERSYS-AS -20 AS2493 iSTAR Internet, Inc. -17 AS1967 Middle East Technical University -13 AS7470 ASIA INFONET Co.,Ltd. -10 AS2150 California State University Netwo -7 AS6755 ASN - TURNET -6 AS1767 IndNet AS -5 AS3388 UNM-AS -4 AS705 ALTERNET-AS -3 AS52 UCLA -2 AS4755 Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd. India -1 AS5486 Euronet Digital Communications Top 20 Added Classful Routes from 31Oct97 to 07Nov97 76 AS3301 TeliaNet Sweden 62 AS719 LANLINK autonomous system 10 AS1290 PSINet UK Ltd. 7 AS816 UUNET Canada (ASN-UUNETCA-AS4) 6 AS2563 KoRea Education Network 5 AS7497 Computer Network Information Cent 4 AS3267 RUNNet 3 AS6402 OneCall Communications Inc. 2 AS1236 GTEGSC 1 AS271 BCnet Backbone This a daily snapshot of changes in classles routes being withdrawn and added. Top 20 Withdrawn Classles Routes from 31Oct97 to 07Nov97 Top 20 Added Classles Routes from 31Oct97 to 07Nov97 3) Interesting aggregates List of possibly interesting aggregates --------------------------------------- Aggregate | Origin | AS Description | Netname -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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PSInet - iSTAR purchase
by Avi Freedman 10 Nov '97

10 Nov '97

Forwarded to me by a wimp who didn't want to be accused of solely posting trivia to NANOG: "In a surprise move calculated to restore their preeminence as the #1 deaggregated route leaker, PSInet (PSIX.O) has agreed to buy iSTAR in a stock swap." Avi

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MCI WorldCom Inc.
by Paul Ferguson 10 Nov '97

10 Nov '97

See: http://www.zdnet.com/pcweek/news/1110/10awcom.html - paul

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MCI Accepts Worldcom's Bid?
by Kevin Houle 10 Nov '97

10 Nov '97

Heard on the radio this morning that MCI accepted Worldcom's latest bid of ~$36 billion. MCI's website confirms. http://www.mci.com/aboutus/company/news/wcom/index.shtml Kevin

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take a look at this
by Shaun S. Amini 10 Nov '97

10 Nov '97

============== Begin part 2 ========================== I don't know if this is true. I received it from the network administrator here at Nestor ______________________________ Forward Header __________________________________ Subject: FW: take a look at this Author: Paul Kluk at Nestor-PC Date: 11/7/97 11:03 AM >From a former AOL employee: I'll try and cut through the crap, and try to get to the point of this letter. I used to work for America Online, and would like to remain anonymous for that reason. I was laid off in early September, but I know exactly why I was laid off, which I will now explain: Since last December, I had been one of the many people assigned to design AOL 4.0 for Windows (AOL 4.0 beta, codenamed Casablanca). In the beginning, I was very proud of this task, until I found out the true cost of it. Things were going fine until about mid-February, when me and 2 of my colleagues started to suspect a problem, an unexplainable 'Privacy Invasion', with the new version. One of them, who is a master programmer, copied the finished portion of the new version (Then 'Build 52'), and took it home, and we spent nearly 2 weeks of sleepless nights examining and debugging the program, flipping it inside-out, and here is what we found. Unlike all previous versions of America Online, version 4.0 puts something in your hard drive called a 'cookie'. (AOL members click <A HREF="a ol://4344:1047.g334.8411481.532897009">here</A> for a definition). However, the cookie we found on Version 4.0 was far more treacherous than the simple internet cookie. How would you like somebody looking at your entire hard drive, snooping through any (yes, any) piece of information on your hard drive. It could also read your password and log in information and store it deep in the program code. Well, all previous versions, whether you like it or not, have done this to a certain extent, but only with files you downloaded. As me and my colleagues discovered, with the new version, anytime you are signed on to AOL, any top aol executive, any aol worker, who has been sworn to secrecy regarding this feature, can go into your hard drive and retrieve any piece of information that they so desire. Billing, download records, e-mail, directories, personal documents, programs, financial information, scanned images, etc ... Better start keeping all those pictures on a floppy disk! This is a totally disgusting violation of our rights, and your right to know as well. Since this is undoubtably 'Top Secret' information that I am revealing, my life at AOL is pretty much over. After discovering this information, we started to inform a few other workers at America Online, so that we could get a large enough crew to stop this from happening to the millions of unfortunate and unsuspecting America Online members. This was in early August. One month later, all three of us were unemployed. We got together, and figured there was something we had to do to let the public know. Unemployed, with one of us going through a divorce (me) and another who is about to undergo treatment for Cancer, our combined financial situation is not currently enough to release any sort or article. We attepted to create a web page on three different servers containing in-depth information on AOL 4.0, but all three were taken down within 2 days. We were running very low on time (4.0 is released early this winter), so we figured our last hope to reveal this madness before it effects the people was starting something similar to a chain letter, this letter you are reading. Please do the following, to help us expose AOL for who they really are, and to help us and yourself recieve personal gratification for taking a stand for our freedom: 1. Forward this letter to as many people as you can (not just friends and family, as many as you can!) 2. Tell people who aren't on America Online in person, especially important people (Private Investigators, Government workers, City Council) 3. If the information about the new version isn't exposed by the time aol is released early this winter, for your own protection, DON'T DOWNLOAD AOL 4.0 UNDER ANY CONDITION !!! Thank you for reading and examining this information. Me and my colleagues hope that you will help us do the right thing in this situation. Enjoy America Online (just kidding!). Regards, A former AOL employee ----- End Included Message ----- ============== End part 2 ============================ Shaun shaun(a)amini.net

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How to use Cisco's NAT
by Marcos Della 10 Nov '97

10 Nov '97

Does anyone know where there are some pointers on using the 11.2 NAT stuff with Cisco? Also if it works worth anything? I've been searching cio for some info, but so far no examples... Also, does it work with 2501? Specifically I am working on setting up part of my BGP space with very small IP blocks for customers but with a NAT on the front end (if it works worth anything) so that I don't have to play the "I need more address space" game with customers. Also the problems associated with customers changing IP providers is starting to go up as well... Marcos ''' (o o) -oOO--(_)--OOo--------------------------------mdella @ cstone.com----- Marcos R. Della http://www.cstone.com/~mdella

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RE: How to use Cisco's NAT
by Steve Waddington 10 Nov '97

10 Nov '97

Try http://www.cisco.com/warp/customer/701/60.html It should work with a 2501. Cheers, Steve Waddington -----Original Message----- From: Marcos Della [SMTP:mdella@cstone.com] Sent: Monday, November 10, 1997 9:51 AM To: nanog(a)merit.edu Subject: How to use Cisco's NAT Does anyone know where there are some pointers on using the 11.2 NAT stuff with Cisco? Also if it works worth anything? I've been searching cio for some info, but so far no examples... Also, does it work with 2501? Specifically I am working on setting up part of my BGP space with very small IP blocks for customers but with a NAT on the front end (if it works worth anything) so that I don't have to play the "I need more address space" game with customers. Also the problems associated with customers changing IP providers is starting to go up as well... Marcos ''' (o o) -oOO--(_)--OOo--------------------------------mdella @ cstone.com----- Marcos R. Della http://www.cstone.com/~mdella

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Re: How to use Cisco's NAT
by Robert Bays 10 Nov '97

10 Nov '97

Marcos, Try...... NAT Configuration: http://www.cisco.com/warp/customer/701/60.html NAT FAQ: http://www.cisco.com/warp/customer/458/41.html#Q2 Rob. > Does anyone know where there are some pointers on using the 11.2 NAT stuff > with Cisco? Also if it works worth anything? I've been searching cio for > some info, but so far no examples... _______________________________________________________________________ Robert Bays robert(a)ironlight.com Ironlight Digital phone: (415) 646-7000 222 Sutter Street Sixth Floor San Francisco, CA 94108 _______________________________________________________________________

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Re: How to use Cisco's NAT
by Ron Buchalski 10 Nov '97

10 Nov '97

On Sun, 09 Nov 1997 14:51:17 Marcos Della wrote: >Date: Sun, 09 Nov 1997 14:51:17 -0800 >To: nanog(a)merit.edu >From: "Marcos Della" <mdella(a)cstone.com> >Subject: How to use Cisco's NAT > >Does anyone know where there are some pointers on using the 11.2 NAT stuff >with Cisco? Also if it works worth anything? I've been searching cio for >some info, but so far no examples... Marcos, Check out: 11.2 Configuration Guide for NAT: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/data/doc/software/11_2/cnp1/5cip.htm#REF30065 11.2 Command Reference: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/data/doc/software/11_2/rnp1/5rip.htm General Information and FAQ on NAT: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/458/41.html > >Also, does it work with 2501? Specifically I am working on setting up Yes, NAT works on the 2501. Regards, Ron Buchalski Ron Buchalski SE, Cisco Systems ______________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

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Re: moving to IPv6
by Sean M. Doran 09 Nov '97

09 Nov '97

Karl Denninger <karl(a)Mcs.Net> writes: > IPng needs to have enough *prefix* length that every autonomous system > currently in existance or which will come into existance during its lifetime > can have a *unique*, *single* prefix. This has the advantage of maximizing site aggregation, however it has the disadvantage of scaling badly with respect to the number of sites. > Then the whole address ownership issue becomes moot - each ASN becomes a > prefix (heh, now that's novel - why not just use the ASN > - duh!) Sure, but the problem is not now who deserves a /19 but who deserves an ASN. Moreover, there is no plan in place for a hierarchical distribution of AS numbers, and ASes are not laid out very hierarchically (or in any kind of useful order) right now. If a very strict limit were placed on the number of ASes in this type of Internet, then distributing connectivity maps likely would be tractable; this leads into discussions about a global link-state routing protocol, some of which happen from time to time for other reasons. However, if you are not prepared to refuse to give out AS numbers to anyone who wants one, you will run into the same political problems as refusing to give out provider-independent addresses to anyone who wants some. Alternatively, if you provide a mechanism for aggregation of ASes (and don't go mad in the process), thus implying hierarchical routing, then your idea is workable, except that suddenly there is no difference between the semantics of your ASN+IPADDR and the IPv6 provider-based addressing scheme. The big difference would be in the requirement that only a fixed-size field be routed upon, which is very much like imposing prefix-length filtering on IPv6 addresses. The only known means for any IP-like protocol to scale to complex topologies is hierarchical routing. This imposes constraints on address assignment. There is no way around these constraints other than abandoning topological complexity or routing efficiency. I believe that the functionality you are trying to achieve is having a system in which renumbering is unnecessary when a change is made in the physical topology, or where address uniqueness is not guaranteed. NAT is currently the appropriate technology to be used in both cases, and has the advantage that no NAT-friendly deployed software needs to be changed to talk a new protocol. > This kind of logical design, of course, cannot be allowed to happen within > the realm of the Internet, which is why we'll never see it in our lifetime. Why not? NATs delineate two addressing scopes, and protocol translating NATs are an extension of this. Pablo Bevilacqua has already pointed out an existing implementation from OFRV. There is no reason why a series of NATs which each border on different IPv4 addressing scopes cannot share a common protocol and addressing region on the "outside" of each of these IPv4 addressing scopes. That is, among a group of NATs there is no strict need to run IPv4, so long as straightforward translations into and out of the local IPv4 addressing scopes are possible. Consequently, there is no reason why some part of the Internet cannot test or even deploy your hypothetical protocol. Personally I encourage you to go for it; there is alot we need to learn about what ought to be "in the middle" to keep the Internet permanently scalable, and the concept of protocol translating NATs needs some thorough deployment experience. Sean.

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