- NANOG - lists.nanog.org

dark fiber
by Vicky Røde 18 Mar '06

18 Mar '06

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 I'm looking for pointers (forum) regarding purchasing dark fiber. At the same time can anyone point me in the right direction regarding purchasing dark fiber in Bombay, India. tia, - -- regards, /virendra -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1.4.2.2 (MingW32) Comment: Using GnuPG with Thunderbird - http://enigmail.mozdev.org iD8DBQFEHHiJpbZvCIJx1bcRAqlbAKCPxoGVYYgsMM/66bUjt4SOxpX5FACfaVVo syGCgjjbfM+zZBwpaYD/wbw= =+8U/ -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

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XO Connectivity
by David Coulson 18 Mar '06

18 Mar '06

Is anyone seeing issues with XO? We've been seeing some strange BGP resets over night and only about 10% of our routes are best pathed through them (usually more like 40%), even after we reset sessions to other carriers... David

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mail.chartercom.com operators
by Greg Albrecht 17 Mar '06

17 Mar '06

hello, i'm trying to troubleshoot some issues i'm having sending messages to chartercom.com users via mail.chartercom.com. every time i try to make a smtp connection to mail.chartercom.com the remote end sends a RST before the connection is even setup. if someone w/ knowledge of chartercom.com's mail server policies could get back to me, i'd appreciate it. i've already attempted to contact chartercom.com on my own to no avail. thanks, -g -- Greg Albrecht (gregoryba(a)gmail.com) http://undef.net

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Weekly Routing Table Report
by Routing Table Analysis 17 Mar '06

17 Mar '06

This is an automated weekly mailing describing the state of the Internet Routing Table as seen from APNIC's router in Japan. Daily listings are sent to bgp-stats(a)lists.apnic.net If you have any comments please contact Philip Smith <pfs(a)cisco.com>. Routing Table Report 04:00 +10GMT Sat 18 Mar, 2006 Analysis Summary ---------------- BGP routing table entries examined: 184375 Prefixes after maximum aggregation: 102184 Unique aggregates announced to Internet: 89838 Total ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 21772 Origin-only ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 18926 Origin ASes announcing only one prefix: 8989 Transit ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 2846 Transit-only ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 69 Average AS path length visible in the Internet Routing Table: 4.5 Max AS path length visible: 22 Prefixes from unregistered ASNs in the Routing Table: 76 Special use prefixes present in the Routing Table: 0 Prefixes being announced from unallocated address space: 11 Number of addresses announced to Internet: 1511349856 Equivalent to 90 /8s, 21 /16s and 94 /24s Percentage of available address space announced: 40.8 Percentage of allocated address space announced: 60.2 Percentage of available address space allocated: 67.8 Total number of prefixes smaller than registry allocations: 90192 APNIC Region Analysis Summary ----------------------------- Prefixes being announced by APNIC Region ASes: 38802 Total APNIC prefixes after maximum aggregation: 16257 Prefixes being announced from the APNIC address blocks: 36601 Unique aggregates announced from the APNIC address blocks: 17814 APNIC Region origin ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 2508 APNIC Region origin ASes announcing only one prefix: 704 APNIC Region transit ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 387 Average APNIC Region AS path length visible: 4.5 Max APNIC Region AS path length visible: 17 Number of APNIC addresses announced to Internet: 217698272 Equivalent to 12 /8s, 249 /16s and 207 /24s Percentage of available APNIC address space announced: 68.1 APNIC AS Blocks 4608-4864, 7467-7722, 9216-10239, 17408-18431 (pre-ERX allocations) 23552-24575, 37888-38911 APNIC Address Blocks 58/7, 60/7, 121/8, 122/7, 124/7, 126/8, 202/7 210/7, 218/7, 220/7 and 222/8 ARIN Region Analysis Summary ---------------------------- Prefixes being announced by ARIN Region ASes: 96511 Total ARIN prefixes after maximum aggregation: 57019 Prefixes being announced from the ARIN address blocks: 75675 Unique aggregates announced from the ARIN address blocks: 28886 ARIN Region origin ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 10591 ARIN Region origin ASes announcing only one prefix: 3954 ARIN Region transit ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 972 Average ARIN Region AS path length visible: 4.3 Max ARIN Region AS path length visible: 19 Number of ARIN addresses announced to Internet: 291281408 Equivalent to 17 /8s, 92 /16s and 154 /24s Percentage of available ARIN address space announced: 72.3 ARIN AS Blocks 1-1876, 1902-2042, 2044-2046, 2048-2106 (pre-ERX allocations) 2138-2584, 2615-2772, 2823-2829, 2880-3153 3354-4607, 4865-5119, 5632-6655, 6912-7466 7723-8191, 10240-12287, 13312-15359, 16384-17407 18432-20479, 21504-23551, 25600-26591, 26624-27647, 29696-30719, 31744-33791 35840-36863 ARIN Address Blocks 24/8, 63/8, 64/6, 68/7, 70/6, 74/7, 76/8, 198/7, 204/6, 208/7 and 216/8 RIPE Region Analysis Summary ---------------------------- Prefixes being announced by RIPE Region ASes: 36599 Total RIPE prefixes after maximum aggregation: 24490 Prefixes being announced from the RIPE address blocks: 33620 Unique aggregates announced from the RIPE address blocks: 22716 RIPE Region origin ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 7783 RIPE Region origin ASes announcing only one prefix: 4072 RIPE Region transit ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 1295 Average RIPE Region AS path length visible: 5.0 Max RIPE Region AS path length visible: 19 Number of RIPE addresses announced to Internet: 242361344 Equivalent to 14 /8s, 114 /16s and 36 /24s Percentage of available RIPE address space announced: 72.2 RIPE AS Blocks 1877-1901, 2043, 2047, 2107-2136, 2585-2614 (pre-ERX allocations) 2773-2822, 2830-2879, 3154-3353, 5377-5631 6656-6911, 8192-9215, 12288-13311, 15360-16383 20480-21503, 24576-25599, 28672-29695 30720-31743, 33792-35839, 38912-39935 RIPE Address Blocks 62/8, 80/5, 88/6, 188/8, 193/8, 194/7, 212/7 and 217/8 LACNIC Region Analysis Summary ------------------------------ Prefixes being announced by LACNIC Region ASes: 10396 Total LACNIC prefixes after maximum aggregation: 3526 Prefixes being announced from the LACNIC address blocks: 8561 Unique aggregates announced from the LACNIC address blocks: 5166 LACNIC Region origin ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 676 LACNIC Region origin ASes announcing only one prefix: 216 LACNIC Region transit ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 123 Average LACNIC Region AS path length visible: 5.2 Max LACNIC Region AS path length visible: 22 Number of LACNIC addresses announced to Internet: 25883136 Equivalent to 1 /8s, 138 /16s and 242 /24s Percentage of available LACNIC address space announced: 38.6 LACNIC AS Blocks 26592-26623, 27648-28671, plus ERX transfers LACNIC Address Blocks 189/8, 190/8, 200/7 AfriNIC Region Analysis Summary ------------------------------- Prefixes being announced by AfriNIC Region ASes: 1986 Total AfriNIC prefixes after maximum aggregation: 892 Prefixes being announced from the AfriNIC address blocks: 1362 Unique aggregates announced from the AfriNIC address blocks: 909 AfriNIC Region origin ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 147 AfriNIC Region origin ASes announcing only one prefix: 43 AfriNIC Region transit ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 24 Average AfriNIC Region AS path length visible: 4.4 Max AfriNIC Region AS path length visible: 14 Number of AfriNIC addresses announced to Internet: 3927040 Equivalent to 0 /8s, 59 /16s and 236 /24s Percentage of available AfriNIC address space announced: 11.7 AfriNIC AS Blocks 36864-37887 & ERX transfers AfriNIC Address Blocks 41/8, 196/8 APNIC Region per AS prefix count summary ---------------------------------------- ASN No of nets /20 equiv MaxAgg Description 4134 990 6937 210 CHINANET-BACKBONE 4755 877 258 71 Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd. Aut 9583 870 109 16 Sify Limited 4766 677 3923 302 Korea Telecom (KIX) 1221 651 1428 470 Telstra Pty Ltd 9498 559 212 72 BHARTI BT INTERNET LTD. 7545 519 108 70 TPG Internet Pty Ltd 17488 516 31 7 Hathway IP Over Cable Interne 17676 484 6997 107 Softbank BB Corp. 9443 414 95 82 Primus Telecommunications 4802 370 75 165 Wantree Development 2907 336 1749 312 SINET Japan 17974 334 89 32 PT TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA 9929 333 218 53 China Netcom Corp. 17557 319 25 162 Pakistan Telecom 18101 319 68 23 Reliance Infocom Ltd Internet 17849 314 20 103 Telecommunications Technology 7474 304 211 232 SingTel Optus Pty Ltd 4780 279 226 16 Digital United Inc. 9837 272 78 168 Powertel Ltd ARIN Region per AS prefix count summary --------------------------------------- ASN No of nets /20 equiv MaxAgg Description 7018 1498 6264 965 AT&T WorldNet Services 4323 1232 714 239 Time Warner Telecom 721 1009 21946 307 DLA Systems Automation Center 6197 1004 619 468 BellSouth Network Solutions, 174 966 5782 913 Cogent Communications 701 946 8064 782 UUNET Technologies, Inc. 18566 920 272 8 Covad Communications 2386 870 520 662 AT&T Data Communications Serv 1239 852 2789 601 Sprint 19029 781 152 112 New Edge Networks 209 696 3607 540 Qwest 20115 671 586 361 Charter Communications 19262 664 1955 153 Verizon Global Networks 22773 641 1480 40 Cox Communications, Inc. 11492 636 86 20 Cable One 7011 602 209 391 Citizens Utilities 6198 579 502 237 BellSouth Network Solutions, 852 577 1088 383 Telus Advanced Communications 19916 563 49 54 OLM LLC 855 546 244 64 Canadian Research Network RIPE Region per AS prefix count summary --------------------------------------- ASN No of nets /20 equiv MaxAgg Description 702 584 1951 459 UUNET - Commercial IP service 3352 307 1564 31 Ibernet, Internet Access Netw 3301 306 1071 291 TeliaNet Sweden 8220 289 473 268 COLT Telecommunications 3320 280 3477 232 Deutsche Telekom AG 680 244 2025 241 DFN-IP service G-WiN 3246 231 488 221 Song Networks 6746 225 88 198 Dynamic Network Technologies, 8708 218 276 203 Romania Data Systems S.A. 8551 202 197 23 Bezeq International 1257 197 710 172 SWIPnet Swedish IP Network 24863 196 40 9 LINKdotNET AS number 3269 194 2085 75 TELECOM ITALIA 3215 183 1518 86 France Telecom Transpac 786 173 1794 173 The JANET IP Service 8866 169 37 13 Bulgarian Telecommunication C 5400 167 328 136 BT Ignite European Backbone 6830 166 765 35 UPC Distribution Services 9121 162 931 27 TTnet Autonomous System 5515 161 839 120 Sonera Solution Autonomous Sy LACNIC Region per AS prefix count summary ----------------------------------------- ASN No of nets /20 equiv MaxAgg Description 8151 596 1050 225 UniNet S.A. de C.V. 22047 372 142 10 VTR PUNTO NET S.A. 11172 316 111 80 Servicios Alestra S.A de C.V 16814 289 18 7 NSS, S.A. 14117 184 11 6 Telefonica del Sur S.A. 7303 159 75 20 Telecom Argentina Stet-France 6147 154 126 22 Telefonica Del Peru 11556 132 80 4 Cable-Wireless Panama 5639 127 12 9 Telecommunications Services o 19169 123 8 33 Telconet 6503 122 149 75 AVANTEL, S.A. 10481 121 48 8 Prima S.A. 21826 120 16 19 INTERCABLE 6505 106 88 78 Global One Communicaoes Ltda 14522 100 13 5 SatNet S.A. 23216 100 20 7 RAMtelecom Telecomunicaciones 18822 99 8 10 TELEFONICA MANQUEHUE 7315 96 6 3 Grupo Rey Moreno 25620 96 6 3 COTAS LTDA 19429 95 52 42 E.T.B. AfriNIC Region per AS prefix count summary ------------------------------------------ ASN No of nets /20 equiv MaxAgg Description 3741 277 803 233 The Internet Solution 8452 162 60 7 TEDATA 6713 145 135 11 Itissalat Al-MAGHRIB 2018 124 314 105 Tertiary Education Network 15475 123 84 4 Nile Online 5536 122 8 18 Internet Egypt Network 2905 74 155 67 The Internetworking Company o 24835 62 50 7 RAYA Telecom - Egypt 20928 58 16 2 Noor Advanced Technologies AS 5713 39 294 35 Telkom SA Ltd 15706 31 8 3 Sudatel Internet Exchange Aut 33774 30 7 21 AS Number for Telecom Algeria 23889 26 8 11 MAURITIUS TELECOM 8524 25 1 4 AUCEGYPT Autonomous System 16637 23 10 21 Johnnic e-Ventures 10798 22 1 13 Standard Bank of South Africa 8346 20 13 17 SONATEL-AS Autonomous System 2561 19 6 2 Egyptian Universities Network 21280 19 4 4 Swift Global Kenya Ltd.Is an 15804 17 2 1 AS of The Way Out Internet So Global Per AS Maximum Aggr summary ---------------------------------- ASN No of nets Net Savings Description 4323 1232 993 Time Warner Telecom 18566 920 912 Covad Communications 9583 870 854 Sify Limited 4755 877 806 Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd. Aut 4134 990 780 CHINANET-BACKBONE 721 1009 702 DLA Systems Automation Center 19029 781 669 New Edge Networks 11492 636 616 Cable One 22773 641 601 Cox Communications, Inc. 6197 1004 536 BellSouth Network Solutions, 19262 664 511 Verizon Global Networks 19916 563 509 OLM LLC 17488 516 509 Hathway IP Over Cable Interne 5668 523 498 CenturyTel Internet Holdings, 9498 559 487 BHARTI BT INTERNET LTD. 855 546 482 Canadian Research Network 7757 473 454 AT&T Broadband 7545 519 449 TPG Internet Pty Ltd 3602 535 426 Sprint Canada, Inc. 812 438 410 Rogers WAVE List of Unregistered ASNs (Global) ---------------------------------- Bad AS Designation Network Transit AS Description 65211 PRIVATE 61.139.76.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 61.139.77.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 61.188.9.0/27 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 61.188.176.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 61.188.177.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 61.188.178.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 61.188.179.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 125.64.0.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 125.64.1.0/27 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 125.64.2.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 125.64.3.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 125.64.6.0/27 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 125.64.12.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 125.64.13.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 125.64.14.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 125.64.15.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 125.64.25.0/25 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 125.64.25.128/25 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 125.64.30.0/23 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 125.64.32.0/21 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 125.64.40.0/26 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65005 PRIVATE 159.153.148.0/22 24989 IX Europe Frankfurt 65211 PRIVATE 202.98.123.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 24294 UNALLOCATED 202.173.112.0/20 2514 NTT PC Communication 65505 PRIVATE 206.252.200.192/27 8002 Stealth Communicatio 65211 PRIVATE 218.6.168.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.6.169.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.6.170.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.6.171.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.6.172.0/25 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.6.172.128/25 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.6.173.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.6.174.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.6.175.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.6.196.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.6.197.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.6.198.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.89.166.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.89.167.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.89.168.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.89.169.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.89.170.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.89.171.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 218.89.172.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.0.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.1.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.2.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.3.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.4.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.5.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.6.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.7.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.8.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.9.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.10.0/27 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.11.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.12.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.13.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.14.0/23 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.17.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.18.0/23 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.20.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.21.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.22.0/25 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.22.128/26 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.22.192/26 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.23.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.24.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.25.0/25 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.25.128/25 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.26.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.27.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.28.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 221.236.29.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 222.211.63.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE 65211 PRIVATE 222.213.0.0/24 4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE Advertised Unallocated Addresses -------------------------------- Network Origin AS Description 132.0.0.0/10 721 DLA Systems Automation Center 137.0.0.0/13 721 DLA Systems Automation Center 158.0.0.0/13 721 DLA Systems Automation Center 192.44.0.0/24 5501 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft 192.44.0.0/19 702 UUNET - Commercial IP service 192.70.164.0/24 25689 National Research Council of 192.72.0.0/18 4780 Digital United Inc. 192.72.0.0/16 4780 Digital United Inc. 192.84.205.0/24 719 LANLINK autonomous system 192.119.135.0/24 270 NASA 192.172.0.0/19 721 DLA Systems Automation Center Number of prefixes announced per prefix length (Global) ------------------------------------------------------- /1:0 /2:0 /3:0 /4:0 /5:0 /6:0 /7:0 /8:18 /9:9 /10:8 /11:25 /12:87 /13:198 /14:353 /15:696 /16:8750 /17:3119 /18:5151 /19:11423 /20:12825 /21:10991 /22:14155 /23:15293 /24:100319 /25:341 /26:247 /27:214 /28:63 /29:25 /30:33 /31:0 /32:32 Advertised prefixes smaller than registry allocations ----------------------------------------------------- ASN No of nets Total ann. Description 18566 903 920 Covad Communications 6197 794 1004 BellSouth Network Solutions, 7018 792 1498 AT&T WorldNet Services 19029 709 781 New Edge Networks 9583 689 870 Sify Limited 11492 627 636 Cable One 4323 595 1232 Time Warner Telecom 2386 594 870 AT&T Data Communications Serv 19916 557 563 OLM LLC 7011 516 602 Citizens Utilities 4766 486 677 Korea Telecom (KIX) 7757 455 473 AT&T Broadband 6198 439 579 BellSouth Network Solutions, 855 420 546 Canadian Research Network 5668 404 523 CenturyTel Internet Holdings, 1239 380 852 Sprint 702 368 584 UUNET - Commercial IP service 15270 354 384 PaeTec.net -a division of Pae 6517 346 376 Yipes Communications, Inc. 22773 336 641 Cox Communications, Inc. Number of /24s announced per /8 block (Global) ---------------------------------------------- 4:3 8:38 12:1621 13:1 15:12 16:3 17:3 18:4 20:43 24:873 25:1 30:2 32:67 38:206 40:54 44:3 47:6 52:4 55:1 56:3 57:33 58:149 59:172 60:175 61:818 62:792 63:1907 64:3112 65:2223 66:3070 67:610 68:678 69:1405 70:312 71:61 72:647 73:23 74:23 80:753 81:598 82:535 83:362 84:339 85:473 86:374 87:256 88:47 89:71 124:187 125:279 128:161 129:174 130:102 131:318 132:33 133:8 134:147 135:47 136:175 137:65 138:191 139:74 140:488 141:137 142:393 143:156 144:231 145:40 146:318 147:134 148:338 149:188 150:114 151:78 152:64 153:98 154:6 155:194 156:94 157:119 158:166 159:167 160:88 161:72 162:227 163:143 164:178 165:175 166:152 167:239 168:478 169:139 170:320 171:12 172:1 190:39 192:5767 193:3401 194:2546 195:1797 196:779 198:3878 199:3262 200:4243 201:653 202:6547 203:6871 204:3919 205:2092 206:2423 207:2931 208:2022 209:3749 210:1933 211:810 212:1272 213:1481 214:341 215:42 216:4072 217:1162 218:257 219:179 220:644 221:373 222:160 End of report

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The Cidr Report
by cidr-report＠potaroo.net 17 Mar '06

17 Mar '06

This report has been generated at Fri Mar 17 21:53:43 2006 AEST. The report analyses the BGP Routing Table of an AS4637 (Reach) router and generates a report on aggregation potential within the table. Check http://www.cidr-report.org/as4637 for a current version of this report. Recent Table History Date Prefixes CIDR Agg 10-03-06 179922 119096 11-03-06 180083 119168 12-03-06 180226 119072 13-03-06 180168 119005 14-03-06 180219 119126 15-03-06 180443 119233 16-03-06 180409 119319 17-03-06 180528 119297 AS Summary 21686 Number of ASes in routing system 9021 Number of ASes announcing only one prefix 1486 Largest number of prefixes announced by an AS AS7018 : ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet Services 91272960 Largest address span announced by an AS (/32s) AS721 : DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center Aggregation Summary The algorithm used in this report proposes aggregation only when there is a precise match using the AS path, so as to preserve traffic transit policies. Aggregation is also proposed across non-advertised address space ('holes'). --- 17Mar06 --- ASnum NetsNow NetsAggr NetGain % Gain Description Table 180458 119278 61180 33.9% All ASes AS4323 1226 241 985 80.3% TWTC - Time Warner Telecom, Inc. AS18566 920 9 911 99.0% COVAD - Covad Communications Co. AS4134 983 257 726 73.9% CHINANET-BACKBONE No.31,Jin-rong Street AS721 1010 311 699 69.2% DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center AS22773 638 48 590 92.5% CCINET-2 - Cox Communications Inc. AS6197 1004 476 528 52.6% BATI-ATL - BellSouth Network Solutions, Inc AS7018 1486 964 522 35.1% ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet Services AS19916 563 65 498 88.5% ASTRUM-0001 - OLM LLC AS855 545 64 481 88.3% CANET-ASN-4 - Aliant Telecom AS7757 473 19 454 96.0% CCCH-AS4 - Comcast Cable Communications Holdings, Inc AS17488 516 78 438 84.9% HATHWAY-NET-AP Hathway IP Over Cable Internet AS3602 536 109 427 79.7% AS3602-RTI - Rogers Telecom Inc. AS812 438 28 410 93.6% ROGERS-CABLE - Rogers Cable Inc. AS9498 561 155 406 72.4% BBIL-AP BHARTI BT INTERNET LTD. AS4755 723 344 379 52.4% VSNL-AS Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd. Autonomous System AS17676 484 107 377 77.9% JPNIC-JP-ASN-BLOCK Japan Network Information Center AS11492 636 279 357 56.1% CABLEONE - CABLE ONE AS15270 379 34 345 91.0% AS-PAETEC-NET - PaeTec.net -a division of PaeTecCommunications, Inc. AS4766 644 304 340 52.8% KIXS-AS-KR Korea Telecom AS6467 392 53 339 86.5% ESPIRECOMM - Xspedius Communications Co. AS6198 579 242 337 58.2% BATI-MIA - BellSouth Network Solutions, Inc AS18101 319 27 292 91.5% RIL-IDC Reliance Infocom Ltd Internet Data Centre, AS14654 301 14 287 95.3% WAYPORT - Wayport AS22047 372 89 283 76.1% VTR BANDA ANCHA S.A. AS3352 307 31 276 89.9% TELEFONICA-DATA-ESPANA Internet Access Network of TDE AS6167 340 65 275 80.9% CELLCO-PART - Cellco Partnership AS19262 618 345 273 44.2% VZGNI-TRANSIT - Verizon Internet Services Inc. AS9583 867 595 272 31.4% SIFY-AS-IN Sify Limited AS5668 522 252 270 51.7% AS-5668 - CenturyTel Internet Holdings, Inc. AS9929 322 60 262 81.4% CNCNET-CN China Netcom Corp. Total 18704 5665 13039 69.7% Top 30 total Possible Bogus Routes 24.246.0.0/17 AS7018 ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet Services 24.246.128.0/18 AS7018 ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet Services 61.0.0.0/8 AS4678 FINE CANON NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS INC. 61.4.64.0/20 AS9929 CNCNET-CN China Netcom Corp. 64.17.32.0/24 AS13488 CBWU-13488 - Continental Broadband Florida, Inc DBA WebUnited 64.17.33.0/24 AS13488 CBWU-13488 - Continental Broadband Florida, Inc DBA WebUnited 64.17.37.0/24 AS13488 CBWU-13488 - Continental Broadband Florida, Inc DBA WebUnited 66.11.32.0/20 AS6261 VISINET - Visionary Systems, Inc. 66.37.96.0/20 AS3764 IA-HOU-AS - Internet America, Inc. 66.51.134.0/24 AS29876 LNTC - Latency LLC 66.96.0.0/20 AS3770 WORLDPATH-AS - WorldPath Internet Services 66.117.0.0/19 AS33104 FUZION-COLO - FUZION COLO 66.117.0.0/21 AS30033 NHI-NETWORKS - NHI Networks 66.117.8.0/24 AS174 COGENT Cogent/PSI 66.117.23.0/24 AS31972 EMGINECONCEPT-01 - Emagine Concept, Inc. 66.117.25.0/24 AS31972 EMGINECONCEPT-01 - Emagine Concept, Inc. 66.117.26.0/24 AS31972 EMGINECONCEPT-01 - Emagine Concept, Inc. 66.117.27.0/24 AS31972 EMGINECONCEPT-01 - Emagine Concept, Inc. 66.187.96.0/24 AS10026 ANC Asia Netcom Corporation 66.187.108.0/24 AS10026 ANC Asia Netcom Corporation 66.187.109.0/24 AS10026 ANC Asia Netcom Corporation 66.235.158.0/23 AS7018 ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet Services 69.31.151.0/24 AS26627 AS-PILOSOFT - Pilosoft, Inc. 69.39.193.0/24 AS25973 MZIMA - Mzima Networks, Inc. 69.39.195.0/24 AS25973 MZIMA - Mzima Networks, Inc. 69.39.196.0/24 AS25973 MZIMA - Mzima Networks, Inc. 81.27.240.0/20 AS20764 RASCOM-AS CJSC Rascom, St.Petersburg, Russia 91.192.0.0/16 AS12654 RIPE-NCC-RIS-AS RIPE NCC RIS Project. 91.255.248.0/21 AS12654 RIPE-NCC-RIS-AS RIPE NCC RIS Project. 125.213.0.0/16 AS4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE No.31,Jin-rong Street 131.64.0.0/12 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 132.0.0.0/10 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 137.0.0.0/13 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 138.136.0.0/13 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 151.135.0.0/16 AS4763 TELSTRANZ-AS TelstraClear Ltd 158.0.0.0/13 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 163.142.0.0/16 AS2500 JPNIC-ASBLOCK-AP JPNIC 192.30.93.0/24 AS17757 HPAUS-AP HP Australia 192.30.94.0/24 AS17757 HPAUS-AP HP Australia 192.40.105.0/24 AS5515 SONERA-GLOBAL-IP Sonera Solution Autonomous System 192.44.0.0/19 AS702 AS702 MCI EMEA - Commercial IP service provider in Europe 192.44.0.0/24 AS5501 FRAUNHOFER-CLUSTER-BW Fraunhofer Gesellschaft 192.70.164.0/24 AS25689 NRCNET-AS - National Research Council of Canada 192.72.0.0/16 AS4780 SEEDNET Digital United Inc. 192.72.0.0/18 AS4780 SEEDNET Digital United Inc. 192.72.192.0/18 AS4780 SEEDNET Digital United Inc. 192.81.183.0/24 AS719 ELISA-AS Elisa Oyj 192.81.184.0/24 AS719 ELISA-AS Elisa Oyj 192.88.99.0/24 AS559 SWITCH SWITCH, Swiss Education and Research Network 192.96.36.0/24 AS5713 AFRINIC African Network Information Center 192.96.37.0/24 AS10474 AFRINIC African Network Information Center 192.96.135.0/24 AS2018 TENET - 1 - The Uninet Project 192.96.136.0/23 AS2018 TENET - 1 - The Uninet Project 192.96.140.0/24 AS2018 TENET - 1 - The Uninet Project 192.96.143.0/24 AS2018 TENET - 1 - The Uninet Project 192.96.145.0/24 AS2018 TENET - 1 - The Uninet Project 192.96.177.0/24 AS6083 AFRINIC African Network Information Center 192.96.250.0/24 AS2018 TENET - 1 - The Uninet Project 192.107.104.0/24 AS6458 GUATEL 192.119.135.0/24 AS270 PSCNI-AS - National Aeronautics and Space Administration 192.122.212.0/24 AS209 ASN-QWEST - Qwest 192.124.252.0/22 AS680 DFN-IP DFN-IP service X-WiN 192.133.6.0/24 AS10282 EQUANT-CEEUR EQUANT AS for Central and Eastern Europe region 192.136.53.0/24 AS8346 SONATEL-AS Autonomous System 192.153.144.0/21 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 192.168.255.255/32 AS4637 REACH Reach Network Border AS 192.172.0.0/19 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 192.188.208.0/20 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 193.32.19.0/24 AS702 AS702 MCI EMEA - Commercial IP service provider in Europe 193.32.20.0/23 AS702 AS702 MCI EMEA - Commercial IP service provider in Europe 193.36.1.0/24 AS8220 COLT COLT Telecommunications 193.37.69.0/24 AS2856 BT-UK-AS BTnet UK Regional network 193.37.236.0/24 AS702 AS702 MCI EMEA - Commercial IP service provider in Europe 193.110.77.0/24 AS3356 LEVEL3 Level 3 Communications 193.110.78.0/24 AS3356 LEVEL3 Level 3 Communications 193.110.79.0/24 AS3356 LEVEL3 Level 3 Communications 194.31.227.0/24 AS21461 TRANSFAIRNET Transfair-net GmbH Krefeld 194.50.55.0/24 AS3356 LEVEL3 Level 3 Communications 194.59.176.0/20 AS1273 CW Cable & Wireless 194.153.156.0/24 AS24865 KMITCHELL-AS Keith Mitchell's Network 194.246.72.0/23 AS8893 ARTFILES-AS Artfiles New Media GmbH 198.23.26.0/24 AS4390 BELLATLANTIC-COM - Bell Atlantic, Inc. 198.54.82.0/24 AS2018 TENET - 1 - The Uninet Project 198.54.92.0/24 AS2018 TENET - 1 - The Uninet Project 198.54.222.0/24 AS2018 TENET - 1 - The Uninet Project 198.54.249.0/24 AS2018 TENET - 1 - The Uninet Project 198.54.250.0/24 AS2018 TENET - 1 - The Uninet Project 198.54.251.0/24 AS2018 TENET - 1 - The Uninet Project 198.97.72.0/21 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 198.97.80.0/20 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 198.97.96.0/19 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 198.97.240.0/20 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 198.101.4.0/22 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 198.136.32.0/20 AS19329 MCNET - Martin County Board of County Commissioners 198.161.87.0/24 AS6539 GT-BELL - Bell Canada 198.163.155.0/24 AS684 MTSAL-ASN - MTS Allstream Inc. 198.167.0.0/16 AS7456 INTERHOP - Interhop Network SERVICES Inc. 198.167.163.0/24 AS15290 ALLST-15290 - Allstream Corp. Corporation Allstream 198.168.0.0/16 AS701 ALTERNET-AS - UUNET Technologies, Inc. 198.169.0.0/16 AS803 SASKTEL - SaskTel 198.232.133.0/24 AS23075 SKOTOS-AS - Skotos Tech, Inc 199.9.128.0/17 AS668 ASN-ASNET-NET-AS - Defense Research and Engineering Network 199.10.0.0/16 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 199.60.0.0/20 AS271 BCNET-AS - University of British Columbia 199.114.0.0/21 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 199.114.128.0/18 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 199.114.130.0/24 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 199.114.132.0/24 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 199.114.134.0/24 AS3541 ITSDN-U4 - DISA/UNRRA 199.114.136.0/24 AS27044 DDN-ASNBLK1 - DoD Network Information Center 199.114.138.0/24 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 199.114.140.0/24 AS3544 ITSDN-U7 - DISA/UNRRA 199.114.142.0/24 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 199.114.144.0/24 AS27064 DDN-ASNBLK1 - DoD Network Information Center 199.114.148.0/24 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 199.114.150.0/24 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 199.114.152.0/24 AS27033 DDN-ASNBLK1 - DoD Network Information Center 199.114.153.0/24 AS27034 DDN-ASNBLK1 - DoD Network Information Center 199.114.154.0/24 AS3542 ITSDN-U5 - DISA/UNRRA 199.114.160.0/24 AS1733 CENTAF-SWA - AF DDN PMO 199.121.0.0/16 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 199.123.0.0/18 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 199.123.16.0/20 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 199.123.80.0/21 AS721 DLA-ASNBLOCK-AS - DoD Network Information Center 199.189.32.0/19 AS7332 IQUEST-AS - IQuest Internet 199.202.0.0/16 AS701 ALTERNET-AS - UUNET Technologies, Inc. 199.246.116.0/24 AS813 UUNET-AS1 - UUNET Technologies, Inc. 202.58.113.0/24 AS19161 INNOCOM-TELECOM - INNOCOM TELECOM 202.74.32.0/19 AS9315 CWN-AS-AP Chomanan WorldNet Co., Ltd. 202.86.252.0/22 AS9304 HUTCHISON-AS-AP Hutchison Global Communications 202.86.253.0/24 AS9304 HUTCHISON-AS-AP Hutchison Global Communications 202.86.254.0/24 AS9304 HUTCHISON-AS-AP Hutchison Global Communications 202.86.255.0/24 AS9304 HUTCHISON-AS-AP Hutchison Global Communications 202.90.33.0/24 AS9830 SWIFTONLINE-AS-AP SWIFT ONLINE BORDER AS 202.90.40.0/24 AS9830 SWIFTONLINE-AS-AP SWIFT ONLINE BORDER AS 202.90.41.0/24 AS9830 SWIFTONLINE-AS-AP SWIFT ONLINE BORDER AS 202.90.42.0/24 AS9830 SWIFTONLINE-AS-AP SWIFT ONLINE BORDER AS 202.90.43.0/24 AS9830 SWIFTONLINE-AS-AP SWIFT ONLINE BORDER AS 202.90.44.0/24 AS9830 SWIFTONLINE-AS-AP SWIFT ONLINE BORDER AS 202.93.0.0/20 AS4134 CHINANET-BACKBONE No.31,Jin-rong Street 202.131.64.0/19 AS9381 NEWTT-IP-AP Wharf T&T Ltd. 202.148.32.0/20 AS17495 GATEWAY-AP BROADBAND WIRELESSS INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER 203.13.171.0/24 AS1221 ASN-TELSTRA Telstra Pty Ltd 203.62.0.0/17 AS7575 AARNET-AS-AP Australian Academic and Reasearch Network (AARNet) 203.78.48.0/20 AS9299 IPG-AS-AP Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company 203.89.134.0/24 AS17557 PKTELECOM-AS-AP Pakistan Telecom 203.89.139.0/24 AS17911 BRAINPK-AS-AP Brain Telecommunication Ltd. 203.89.143.0/24 AS17557 PKTELECOM-AS-AP Pakistan Telecom 203.89.144.0/24 AS17557 PKTELECOM-AS-AP Pakistan Telecom 203.89.147.0/24 AS17557 PKTELECOM-AS-AP Pakistan Telecom 203.89.148.0/24 AS17557 PKTELECOM-AS-AP Pakistan Telecom 203.89.149.0/24 AS17557 PKTELECOM-AS-AP Pakistan Telecom 203.89.150.0/24 AS17557 PKTELECOM-AS-AP Pakistan Telecom 203.89.151.0/24 AS17557 PKTELECOM-AS-AP Pakistan Telecom 203.89.153.0/24 AS17557 PKTELECOM-AS-AP Pakistan Telecom 203.89.154.0/24 AS17557 PKTELECOM-AS-AP Pakistan Telecom 203.89.158.0/24 AS17557 PKTELECOM-AS-AP Pakistan Telecom 203.89.159.0/24 AS17557 PKTELECOM-AS-AP Pakistan Telecom 203.99.142.0/24 AS9826 ILINK-HK-AP iLink.net Ltd 203.111.192.0/20 AS7473 SINGTEL-AS-AP Singapore Telecom 203.210.69.0/24 AS17536 PRODIGY-AS-AP Prodidgy Telecommunications 204.29.185.0/24 AS7268 ATHENET - Athenet Internet Services 204.48.118.0/23 AS29912 CITIZENS-PROPERTY-INSURANCE-CORPORATION - Citizens Property Insurance Corporation 204.48.119.0/24 AS29912 CITIZENS-PROPERTY-INSURANCE-CORPORATION - Citizens Property Insurance Corporation 204.154.125.0/24 AS3952 TELLABS-ASN - TELLABS Operations, Inc. 204.154.126.0/24 AS3952 TELLABS-ASN - TELLABS Operations, Inc. 204.154.127.0/24 AS3952 TELLABS-ASN - TELLABS Operations, Inc. 205.150.0.0/15 AS701 ALTERNET-AS - UUNET Technologies, Inc. 206.128.104.0/21 AS11709 VIC - VIRTUAL INTERACTIVE CENTER 206.167.57.0/24 AS376 RISQ-AS - Reseau Interordinateurs Scientique Quebecois (RISQ) 206.191.64.0/18 AS15290 ALLST-15290 - Allstream Corp. Corporation Allstream 206.191.96.0/19 AS15290 ALLST-15290 - Allstream Corp. Corporation Allstream 207.231.96.0/19 AS11194 NUNETPA - NuNet Inc 209.40.192.0/21 AS6487 CyberNet de Guatemala S.A. 209.40.200.0/21 AS6487 CyberNet de Guatemala S.A. 209.40.208.0/21 AS6487 CyberNet de Guatemala S.A. 209.40.216.0/21 AS6487 CyberNet de Guatemala S.A. 209.205.69.0/24 AS21578 Universidad autonoma de Bucaramanga 209.205.70.0/24 AS21578 Universidad autonoma de Bucaramanga 209.205.81.0/24 AS15066 SkyNet de Colombia S.A. 209.205.82.0/24 AS15066 SkyNet de Colombia S.A. 209.205.84.0/24 AS15066 SkyNet de Colombia S.A. 209.234.0.0/18 AS3845 STATE-NET - CS&W, Inc. 216.37.110.0/23 AS4264 CERNET-ASN-BLOCK - California Education and Research Federation Network 216.71.224.0/20 AS23527 COTELLIGENCE - Cotelligence, Inc. 216.96.128.0/18 AS7018 ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet Services 216.201.72.0/24 AS14709 Telefonica Moviles Panama S.A. 216.201.73.0/24 AS14709 Telefonica Moviles Panama S.A. 216.201.74.0/24 AS14709 Telefonica Moviles Panama S.A. 216.201.75.0/24 AS14709 Telefonica Moviles Panama S.A. 216.201.76.0/24 AS14709 Telefonica Moviles Panama S.A. 216.201.77.0/24 AS14709 Telefonica Moviles Panama S.A. 216.201.78.0/24 AS14709 Telefonica Moviles Panama S.A. 216.201.79.0/24 AS14709 Telefonica Moviles Panama S.A. 216.228.64.0/21 AS6295 WHIDBEY1 - Whidbey Internet Services 216.228.224.0/20 AS13674 VRIS-AS-BLOCK-13661-13675 - Verizon Internet Services Inc. 216.240.240.0/20 AS7018 ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet Services 216.240.242.0/24 AS7018 ATT-INTERNET4 - AT&T WorldNet Services Please see http://www.cidr-report.org for the full report ------------------------------------ Copies of this report are mailed to: nanog(a)merit.edu eof-list(a)ripe.net apops(a)apops.net routing-wg(a)ripe.net afnog(a)afnog.org

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FW: DNS TTL adherence
by Thurman, Steven 17 Mar '06

17 Mar '06

On Wed, 15 Mar 2006, Simon Waters wrote: > > > This behavior is unfortunately not unique. > > Alas what others peoples servers do, shouldn't be an issue for you. Your > problem is they can be coerced into a DoS attack, not that the data is stale. >actually, dos-attack-aside, the interesting thing is that lots of people >(original poster perhaps included) believe that TTL's are adhered to >except in some marginal cases. I think Rodney's point is that they are not >adhered to anywhere near as much as we would all like to believe :( >So, if you, or the original poster, is going to move ${important_resource} >around ip-wise keep in mind that your ${important_thing} may have to >answer to more than 1 ip address for a period much longer than your tuned >TTL :( Thanks all for the responses. I do understand we may need to support the old IP addresses for sometime. I was hoping someone had performed a study out there to determine what a ratio maybe for us supporting an old IP address (I know our traffic profile will be unique for us thus it would only give us a general idea). For example if we change ip addresses will we need to plan on 20% traffic at old site on day1, 10% day2, 5%, day3, and so on...? There are also issues related to proxy servers and browser caching that are independent of DNS we will need to quantify to understand full risk. The more data we have will drive some of our decisions. Thanks again, Steve

4 3

DS3/OC3 to FE bridge?
by matthew zeier 16 Mar '06

16 Mar '06

I'm looking for something that can take a DS3 or OC3 and "turn" it into FE. Basically similiar to what http://www.ds3switch.com/ does.

3 2

RE: DS3/OC3 to FE bridge?
by Joiner, Joshua 16 Mar '06

16 Mar '06

Overture Networks makes a similar product that may work better for you: http://www.overturenetworks.com Josh -----Original Message----- From: owner-nanog(a)merit.edu [mailto:owner-nanog@merit.edu] On Behalf Of William Yardley Sent: Wednesday, March 15, 2006 8:10 PM To: nanog(a)merit.edu Subject: Re: DS3/OC3 to FE bridge? On Wed, Mar 15, 2006 at 04:47:32PM -0800, matthew zeier wrote: > I'm looking for something that can take a DS3 or OC3 and "turn" it > into FE. Basically similiar to what http://www.ds3switch.com/ does. Anda makes some boxes that do this. http://www.andanetworks.com/products/ I've had experiences with these (as a user, not an operator), and they seem to work fine. /w

1 0

AT&T transit - thoughts?
by matthew zeier 16 Mar '06

16 Mar '06

Anyone using AT&T for transit with any useful comments?

2 1

May-June meeting?
by Howard C. Berkowitz 16 Mar '06

16 Mar '06

I've just gotten with a new firm that should let me play at NANOG again. While I probably can't meet the March proposal deadline, will there be lightning presentations again? Two areas of interest for lightning or BOF: Operational aspects of PBX hosting and general movement of ISPs into telephony More on emergency communications, especially software that complements the 911 operations system, where there are little-known North American standard software packages (DM-Services)

1 0