Bingo. Very well stated. - ferg -- Lamar Owen <lowen@pari.edu> wrote: [snip] On the operational end, the challenge becomes designing networks that in the presence of ubiquitous oversubscription degrade gracefully and allow certain features to have lesser degradation. Thus QoS. [snip] -- "Fergie", a.k.a. Paul Ferguson Engineering Architecture for the Internet fergdawg@netzero.net or fergdawg@sbcglobal.net ferg's tech blog: http://fergdawg.blogspot.com/