Others have said this, but it really does seem like there needs to be pricing that allows for varying degrees of peering. It's a big jump from "you pay for every byte" to "you pay us nothing". There are providers who should fall between these extremes. Rest assured that in the fullness of time, such providers will exist. The market will force it. In the mean time, smaller providers who would like to encourage such practices have a rather persuasive inducement towards such a behavior: on your peering application, attach a check. Tony