Tony Hariman wrote:

Does anybody have experience having a T1 circuit with PPP encapsulation getting only 1290 Kbps maximum throughput looking at "sh int" result from cisco router or MRTG ?

Is it a long delay link running TCP traffic? Long delay links will always show significanlty lower utilization than the max theoretical... You can check out the following paper for more details, but I'll give a quick example below. Lakshman&Madhow "The Performance of TCP/IP for Networks with High BWxDelay products and random loss" ,IEEE Trans. on Networking Vol5(3), june 97, pp329-335 http://tesla.csl.uiuc.edu/~madhow/publications/ton97.ps

From that paper, you can create the following chart:

Buffer Size Link Utilization 60K 81% 120K 87% 180K 91% 480K 99% The percentage utilization is based on the bandwidth * the delay, so if you have a T1 at 1536K with a delay of 400ms, you get just over 600K (very pessimistic... -- you can play with the numbers based on the delay of the link. My numbers are based on an analysis I did of a satellite link some time ago...) The buffer sizes are percentages of that 600K, at 10%, 20%, etc. The buffer size is also the queue length * the max packet size of the buffer.... So a Cisco with a default queue length of 40 and an MTU of 1500 = 60K, at which point you'd only see 81% utilization for 1 TCP session... That is just 1 session, so you'd expect to see higher utilization for more sessions. This all assumes FIFO queing... Another point to consider is that with Internet traffic, there are many many 'small flows' where it takes time to ramp up the send window size, and before the time it would ramps up to use the whole pipe, the flow is done Sean Butler