-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 Cisco Security Advisory: Multiple Cisco Products Vulnerable to DNS Cache Poisoning Attacks Advisory ID: cisco-sa-20080708-dns http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20080708-dns.shtml Revision 1.0 For Public Release 2008 July 08 1800 UTC (GMT) Summary ======= Multiple Cisco products are vulnerable to DNS cache poisoning attacks due to their use of insufficiently randomized DNS transaction IDs and UDP source ports in the DNS queries that they produce, which may allow an attacker to more easily forge DNS answers that can poison DNS caches. To exploit this vulnerability an attacker must be able to cause a vulnerable DNS server to perform recursive DNS queries. Therefore, DNS servers that are only authoritative, or servers where recursion is not allowed, are not affected. Cisco has released free software updates that address this vulnerability. This advisory is posted at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20080708-dns.shtml. This security advisory is being published simultaneously with announcements from other affected organizations. Affected Products ================= Products that cache DNS responses and process DNS messages with the recursion desired (RD) flag set may be vulnerable to a DNS cache poisoning attack depending on implementation of the DNS protocol. Products that process DNS messages with the RD flag set will attempt to answer the question asked on behalf of the client. A product is only affected if using a vulnerable implementation of the DNS protocol, the DNS server functionality for the product is enabled, and the DNS feature for the product is configured to process recursive DNS query messages. Vulnerable Products +------------------ The following Cisco products are capable of acting as DNS servers and have been found to have the DNS implementation weakness that makes some types of DNS cache poisoning attacks more likely to succeed: * Cisco IOS Software A device that is running Cisco IOS Software will be affected if it is running a vulnerable version and if it is acting as a DNS server. All Cisco IOS Software releases that support the DNS server functionality and that have not had their DNS implementation improved are affected. For information about specific fixed versions, please refer to the Software Versions and Fixes section. A device that is running Cisco IOS Software is configured to act as a DNS server if the command "ip dns server" is present in the configuration. This command is not enabled by default. * Cisco Network Registrar All Cisco Network Registrar versions are affected, and DNS services are enabled by default. The DNS server on CNR is enabled via the command-line interface (CLI) commands "server dns enable start-on-reboot" or "dns enable start-on-reboot" or via the web management interface in the Servers page by selecting the appropriate "Start," "Stop," or "Reload" button. * Cisco Application and Content Networking System All Cisco Application and Content Networking System (ACNS) versions are affected; DNS services are disabled by default. ACNS is configured to act as a DNS server if the command "dns enable" is present in the configuration. * Cisco Global Site Selector Used in Combination with Cisco Network Registrar The Cisco Global Site Selector (GSS) is affected when it is used in combination with Cisco Network Registrar software to provide a more complete DNS solution. Fixed software would come in the form of an update of the Cisco Network Registrar software rather than an update of the GSS software. Products Confirmed Not Vulnerable +-------------------------------- Products that do not offer DNS server capabilities are not affected by this vulnerability. The Cisco GSS by itself is not affected by this vulnerability. However, it is affected when it is used with Cisco Network Registrar software. No other Cisco products are currently known to be affected by these vulnerabilities. Details ======= The Domain Name System is an integral part of networks that are based on TCP/IP such as the Internet. Simply stated, the Domain Name System is a hierarchical database that contains mappings of hostnames and IP addresses. The DNS protocol is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite and allows DNS clients to query the DNS database to resolve hostnames to IP addresses. A DNS server is an application that implements the DNS protocol and that has the ability to respond to queries made by DNS clients. When handling a query from a DNS client, a DNS server can look into its portion of the global DNS database (if the query is for a portion of the DNS database for which the DNS server is authoritative), or it can relay the query to other DNS servers (if it is configured to do so and if the query is for a portion of the DNS database for which the DNS server is not authoritative.) Because of the processing time and bandwidth that is associated with handling a DNS query, most DNS servers locally store responses that are received from other DNS servers. The area where these responses are stored locally is called a "cache." Once a response is stored in a cache, the DNS server can use the locally stored response for a certain time (called the "time to live") before having to query DNS servers again to refresh the local (cached) copy of the response. A DNS cache poisoning attack is an attack in which an entry in the DNS cache of a DNS server is changed so the IP address associated with a hostname in the cache does not point to the correct place. For example, if www.example.com is mapped to the IP address 192.168.0.1 and this mapping is present in the cache of a DNS server, an attacker who succeeds in poisoning the DNS cache of this server may be able to map www.example.com to 10.0.0.1 instead. If this happens, a user who is trying to visit www.example.com may end up contacting the wrong web server. Although DNS cache poisoning attacks are not new, a security researcher recently presented a technique that allows an attacker to mount successful DNS cache poisoning attacks with low complexity tools and low traffic requirements. This technique exploits a weakness in most implementations of the DNS protocol. The fundamental implementation weakness is that the DNS transaction ID and source port number used to validate DNS responses are not sufficiently randomized and can easily be predicted, which allows an attacker to create forged responses to DNS queries that will match the expected values. The DNS server will consider such responses to be valid. The following Cisco products that offer DNS server functionality have been found to be susceptible to DNS cache poisoning attacks: * Cisco IOS Software: The vulnerability documented in Cisco bug ID CSCso81854. * Cisco Network Registrar: The vulnerability documented in Cisco bug ID CSCsq01298. * Cisco Application and Content Networking System (ACNS): The vulnerability documented in Cisco bug ID CSCsq21930. This vulnerability has been assigned Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) ID CVE-2008-1447. Vulnerability Scoring Details +---------------------------- Cisco has provided scores for the vulnerabilities in this advisory based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). The CVSS scoring in this Security Advisory is done in accordance with CVSS version 2.0. CVSS is a standards-based scoring method that conveys vulnerability severity and helps determine urgency and priority of response. Cisco has provided a base and temporal score. Customers can then compute environmental scores to assist in determining the impact of the vulnerability in individual networks. Cisco has provided an FAQ to answer additional questions regarding CVSS at http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/cvss-qandas.html Cisco has also provided a CVSS calculator to help compute the environmental impact for individual networks at http://intellishield.cisco.com/security/alertmanager/cvss Cisco Bugs: * DNS cache prone to poisoning/forged answers attacks (CSCsq21930) * DNS susceptible to forged query response attacks (CSCsq01298) * Need to make DNS implementation more resilient against forged answers (CSCso81854) CVSS Base Score - 6.4 Access Vector - Network Access Complexity - Low Authentication - None Confidentiality Impact - None Integrity Impact - Partial Availability Impact - Partial CVSS Temporal Score - 5.3 Exploitability - Functional Remediation Level - Official-Fix Report Confidence - Confirmed (same score for the three Cisco bugs listed above.) Impact ====== Successful exploitation of the vulnerability described in this document may result in invalid hostname-to-IP address mappings in the cache of an affected DNS server. This may lead users of this DNS server to contact the wrong provider of network services. The ultimate impact varies greatly, ranging from a simple denial of service (for example, making www.example.com resolve to 127.0.0.1) to phishing and financial fraud. Software Versions and Fixes =========================== When considering software upgrades, also consult http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt and any subsequent advisories to determine exposure and a complete upgrade solution. In all cases, customers should exercise caution to be certain the devices to be upgraded contain sufficient memory and that current hardware and software configurations will continue to be supported properly by the new release. If the information is not clear, contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) or your contracted maintenance provider for assistance. Cisco IOS Software +----------------- Each row of the Cisco IOS Software table (below) names a Cisco IOS Software release train. If a given release train is vulnerable, then the earliest possible releases that contain the fix (along with the anticipated date of availability for each, if applicable) are listed in the "First Fixed Release" column of the table. The "Recommended Release" column indicates the releases which have fixes for all the published vulnerabilities at the time of this Advisory. A device running a release in the given train that is earlier than the release in a specific column (less than the First Fixed Release) is known to be vulnerable. Cisco recommends upgrading to a release equal to or later than the release in the "Recommended Releases" column of the table. +----------------------------------------+ | Major | Availability of | | Release | Repaired Releases | |------------+---------------------------| | Affected | First Fixed | Recommended | | 12.0-Based | Release | Release | | Releases | | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0 | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0DA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.0(7)DB | | | | are | | | | vulnerable, | 12.4(19a) | | 12.0DB | release | | | | 12.0(7)DB | 12.4(19b) | | | and later | | | | are not | | | | vulnerable; | | | | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.0(7)DC | | | | are | | | | vulnerable, | 12.4(19a) | | 12.0DC | release | | | | 12.0(7)DC | 12.4(19b) | | | and later | | | | are not | | | | vulnerable; | | | | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0S | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0SC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0SL | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0SP | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0ST | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0SX | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0SY | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0SZ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.0T | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0W | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0WC | Vulnerable; | | | | contact TAC | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0WT | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XB | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XD | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Note: | | | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.0(7)XE1 | | | | are | | | 12.0XE | vulnerable, | | | | release | | | | 12.0(7)XE1 | | | | and later | | | | are not | | | | vulnerable; | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XF | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XG | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XH | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XI | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XJ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.0(7)XK2 | | | | are | | | | vulnerable, | 12.4(19a) | | 12.0XK | release | | | | 12.0(7)XK2 | 12.4(19b) | | | and later | | | | are not | | | | vulnerable; | | | | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XL | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XM | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XN | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XQ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.0(7)XR1 | | | | are | | | | vulnerable, | 12.4(19a) | | 12.0XR | release | | | | 12.0(7)XR1 | 12.4(19b) | | | and later | | | | are not | | | | vulnerable; | | | | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XS | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XV | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.0XW | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | Affected | First Fixed | Recommended | | 12.1-Based | Release | Release | | Releases | | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.1 | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1AA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1AX | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.1(22)AY1 | | | | are | | | 12.1AY | vulnerable, | 12.1(22) | | | release | EA11 | | | 12.1(22)AY1 | | | | and later | | | | are not | | | | vulnerable; | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1AZ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1CX | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1DA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.1(4)DB1 | | | | are | | | | vulnerable, | 12.4(19a) | | 12.1DB | release | | | | 12.1(4)DB1 | 12.4(19b) | | | and later | | | | are not | | | | vulnerable; | | | | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.1(4)DC2 | | | | are | | | | vulnerable, | 12.4(19a) | | 12.1DC | release | | | | 12.1(4)DC2 | 12.4(19b) | | | and later | | | | are not | | | | vulnerable; | | | | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1E | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.1(11)EA1 | | | | are | | | 12.1EA | vulnerable, | 12.1(22) | | | release | EA11 | | | 12.1(11)EA1 | | | | and later | | | | are not | | | | vulnerable; | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1EB | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1EC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1EO | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1EU | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1EV | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1EW | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Note: | | | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.1(8a)EX | | | | are | | | 12.1EX | vulnerable, | | | | release | | | | 12.1(8a)EX | | | | and later | | | | are not | | | | vulnerable; | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1EY | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1EZ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1GA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1GB | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.1T | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XB | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.1(1)XC1 | | | | are | | | | vulnerable, | 12.4(19a) | | 12.1XC | release | | | | 12.1(1)XC1 | 12.4(19b) | | | and later | | | | are not | | | | vulnerable; | | | | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XD | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XE | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XF | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XG | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XH | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XI | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XJ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XK | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XL | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XM | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XN | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XO | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XP | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XQ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XR | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XS | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XT | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XU | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XV | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XW | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XX | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XY | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1XZ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1YA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1YB | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1YC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1YD | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Note: | | | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.1(5)YE1 | | | | are | 12.4(19a) | | 12.1YE | vulnerable, | | | | release | 12.4(19b) | | | 12.1(5)YE1 | | | | and later | | | | are not | | | | vulnerable; | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1YF | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1YG | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1YH | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1YI | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.1YJ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | Affected | First Fixed | Recommended | | 12.2-Based | Release | Release | | Releases | | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2 | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2B | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2BC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2BW | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.2(8)BY | | | | are | | | | vulnerable, | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2BY | release | | | | 12.2(8)BY | 12.4(19b) | | | and later | | | | are not | | | | vulnerable; | | | | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2BZ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2CX | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2CY | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2CZ | Vulnerable; | | | | contact TAC | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2DA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2DD | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2DX | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2EU | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2EW | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2EWA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2EX | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2EY | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2EZ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2FX | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2FY | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2FZ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2IXA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2IXB | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2IXC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2IXD | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2IXE | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2IXF | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2JA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2JK | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2MB | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2MC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2S | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SB | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SBC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SCA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SE | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SEA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SEB | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SEC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SED | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SEE | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SEF | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SEG | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SG | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SGA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SL | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SM | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SO | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SRA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SRB | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SRC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SU | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SV | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SVA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SVC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SVD | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SW | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SX | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SXA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SXB | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SXD | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SXE | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SXF | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SXH | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SXI | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SY | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2SZ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2T | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.2(8) | | | | TPC10d are | | | | vulnerable, | | | 12.2TPC | release | | | | 12.2(8) | | | | TPC10d and | | | | later are | | | | not | | | | vulnerable; | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2UZ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2XB | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2XC | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XD | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XE | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XF | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2XG | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XH | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XI | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XJ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2XK | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2XL | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XM | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XN | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XNA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XO | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XQ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XR | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XS | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2XT | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2XU | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XV | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2XW | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YB | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YD | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YE | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YF | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YG | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YH | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2YJ | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YK | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2YL | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2YM | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2YN | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.2(18) | | | migrate to | SXF15; | | 12.2YO | any release | Available | | | in 12.2SY | on | | | | 08-AUG-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YP | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YQ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YR | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YS | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2YT | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2YU | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2YV | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YW | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YX | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YY | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2YZ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2ZA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2ZB | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2ZC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2ZD | Vulnerable; | | | | contact TAC | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2ZE | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2ZF | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | | 12.4(19a) | | | | | | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19b) | | 12.2ZG | first fixed | | | | in 12.4T | 12.4(20)T; | | | | Available | | | | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | | 12.4(19a) | | | | | | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19b) | | 12.2ZH | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(20)T; | | | | Available | | | | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.2ZJ | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | | 12.4(19a) | | | | | | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19b) | | 12.2ZL | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(20)T; | | | | Available | | | | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2ZP | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2ZU | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2ZY | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.2ZYA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | Affected | First Fixed | Recommended | | 12.3-Based | Release | Release | | Releases | | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.3 | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.3B | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3BC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.3BW | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3EU | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3JA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3JEA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3JEB | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3JEC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3JK | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3JL | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3JX | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.3T | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3TPC | Vulnerable; | | | | contact TAC | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3VA | Vulnerable; | | | | contact TAC | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | | 12.4(19a) | | | | | | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19b) | | 12.3XA | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(20)T; | | | | Available | | | | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.3XB | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | | 12.4(19a) | | | | | | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19b) | | 12.3XC | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(20)T; | | | | Available | | | | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.3XD | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | | 12.4(19a) | | | | | | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19b) | | 12.3XE | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(20)T; | | | | Available | | | | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.3XF | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | | 12.4(19a) | | | | | | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19b) | | 12.3XG | first fixed | | | | in 12.4T | 12.4(20)T; | | | | Available | | | | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.3XH | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3XI | Vulnerable; | | | | contact TAC | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | | 12.3(14) | | | | YX12 | | | Vulnerable; | | | 12.3XJ | first fixed | 12.4(20)T; | | | in 12.3YX | Available | | | | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.3XK | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.3XQ | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | | 12.4(19a) | | | | | | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19b) | | 12.3XR | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(20)T; | | | | Available | | | | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19a) | | 12.3XS | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(19b) | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3XU | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | | 12.3(14) | | | | YX12 | | | Vulnerable; | | | 12.3XW | first fixed | 12.4(20)T; | | | in 12.3YX | Available | | | | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3XY | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | | 12.4(19a) | | | | | | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(19b) | | 12.3YA | first fixed | | | | in 12.4 | 12.4(20)T; | | | | Available | | | | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(20)T; | | 12.3YD | first fixed | Available | | | in 12.4T | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | | 12.3(14) | | | | YX12 | | | Vulnerable; | | | 12.3YF | first fixed | 12.4(20)T; | | | in 12.3YX | Available | | | | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(20)T; | | 12.3YG | first fixed | Available | | | in 12.4T | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(20)T; | | 12.3YH | first fixed | Available | | | in 12.4T | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(20)T; | | 12.3YI | first fixed | Available | | | in 12.4T | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3YJ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(20)T; | | 12.3YK | first fixed | Available | | | in 12.4T | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Releases | | | | prior to | | | | 12.3(14) | | | | YM12 are | | | | vulnerable, | 12.3(14) | | 12.3YM | release | YM12 | | | 12.3(14) | | | | YM12 and | | | | later are | | | | not | | | | vulnerable; | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3YQ | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(20)T; | | 12.3YS | first fixed | Available | | | in 12.4T | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(20)T; | | 12.3YT | first fixed | Available | | | in 12.4T | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | | | 12.3YU | first fixed | | | | in 12.4XB | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3YX | 12.3(14) | 12.3(14) | | | YX12 | YX12 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.3YZ | Vulnerable; | | | | contact TAC | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | Affected | First Fixed | Recommended | | 12.4-Based | Release | Release | | Releases | | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | 12.4(18b) | | | | | | | | 12.4(19a) | 12.4(19a) | | 12.4 | | | | | 12.4(19b) | 12.4(19b) | | | | | | | 12.4(21) | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4JA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4JK | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4JMA | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4JMB | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4JMC | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4JX | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4MD | 12.4(15)MD | 12.4(15)MD | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4MR | 12.4(19)MR | 12.4(19)MR | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4SW | Vulnerable; | | | | contact TAC | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | 12.4(15)T6 | | | | | 12.4(20)T; | | 12.4T | 12.4(20)T; | Available | | | Available | on | | | on | 11-JUL-08 | | | 11-JUL-08 | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(20)T; | | 12.4XA | first fixed | Available | | | in 12.4T | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4XB | 12.4(2)XB10 | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4XC | Vulnerable; | | | | contact TAC | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | 12.4(4) | 12.4(20)T; | | | XD11; | Available | | 12.4XD | Available | on | | | on | 11-JUL-08 | | | 31-JUL-08 | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(20)T; | | 12.4XE | first fixed | Available | | | in 12.4T | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4XF | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4XG | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(20)T; | | 12.4XJ | first fixed | Available | | | in 12.4T | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4XK | Not | | | | Vulnerable | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4XL | 12.4(15)XL2 | 12.4(15)XL2 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4XM | 12.4(15)XM1 | 12.4(15)XM1 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4XN | Vulnerable; | | | | contact TAC | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4XQ | Vulnerable; | | | | contact TAC | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4XT | Vulnerable; | | | | contact TAC | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4XV | Vulnerable; | | | | contact TAC | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4XW | 12.4(11)XW8 | 12.4(11)XW6 | |------------+-------------+-------------| | 12.4XY | 12.4(15)XY3 | | |------------+-------------+-------------| | | Vulnerable; | 12.4(20)T; | | 12.4XZ | first fixed | Available | | | in 12.4T | on | | | | 11-JUL-08 | +----------------------------------------+ Cisco Network Registrar +---------------------- +---------------------------------------+ | Affected | | | Release | First Fixed Release | | Train | | |--------------+------------------------| | 6.1.x | Contact TAC | |--------------+------------------------| | | 6.3.1.1 patch; | | 6.3.x | available mid-July | | | 2008 | |--------------+------------------------| | 7.0.x | 7.0.1; available in | | | mid-July 2008 | +---------------------------------------+ Cisco Network Registrar software is available for download at: http://www.cisco.com/pcgi-bin/Software/Tablebuild/tablebuild.pl/nr-eval Cisco Application and Content Networking System +---------------------------------------------- This issue is fixed in version 5.5.11 of Cisco ACNS software. This release will be available for download from www.cisco.com in late July 2008. Cisco ACNS 5.5 software is available for download at: http://www.cisco.com/pcgi-bin/tablebuild.pl/acns55 Workarounds =========== There are no workarounds. Additional information about identification and mitigation of attacks against DNS is in the Cisco Applied Intelligence white paper "DNS Best Practices, Network Protections, and Attack Identification," available at http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/dns-bcp.html. Obtaining Fixed Software ======================== Cisco has released free software updates that address these vulnerabilities. Prior to deploying software, customers should consult their maintenance provider or check the software for feature set compatibility and known issues specific to their environment. Customers may only install and expect support for the feature sets they have purchased. By installing, downloading, accessing or otherwise using such software upgrades, customers agree to be bound by the terms of Cisco's software license terms found at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/prod_warranties_item09186a008088e31f.htm..., or as otherwise set forth at Cisco.com Downloads at http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/sw-usingswc.shtml. Do not contact psirt@cisco.com or security-alert@cisco.com for software upgrades. Customers with Service Contracts +------------------------------- Customers with contracts should obtain upgraded software through their regular update channels. For most customers, this means that upgrades should be obtained through the Software Center on Cisco's worldwide website at http://www.cisco.com. Customers using Third Party Support Organizations +------------------------------------------------ Customers whose Cisco products are provided or maintained through prior or existing agreements with third-party support organizations, such as Cisco Partners, authorized resellers, or service providers should contact that support organization for guidance and assistance with the appropriate course of action in regards to this advisory. The effectiveness of any workaround or fix is dependent on specific customer situations, such as product mix, network topology, traffic behavior, and organizational mission. Due to the variety of affected products and releases, customers should consult with their service provider or support organization to ensure any applied workaround or fix is the most appropriate for use in the intended network before it is deployed. Customers without Service Contracts +---------------------------------- Customers who purchase direct from Cisco but do not hold a Cisco service contract, and customers who purchase through third-party vendors but are unsuccessful in obtaining fixed software through their point of sale should acquire upgrades by contacting the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC). TAC contacts are as follows. * +1 800 553 2447 (toll free from within North America) * +1 408 526 7209 (toll call from anywhere in the world) * e-mail: tac@cisco.com Customers should have their product serial number available and be prepared to give the URL of this notice as evidence of entitlement to a free upgrade. Free upgrades for non-contract customers must be requested through the TAC. Refer to http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml for additional TAC contact information, including localized telephone numbers, and instructions and e-mail addresses for use in various languages. Exploitation and Public Announcements ===================================== The Cisco PSIRT is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability described in this advisory. Although DNS cache poisoning attacks are not new, security researcher Dan Kaminsky of IOActive recently presented a technique that makes DNS cache poisoning attacks more likely to succeed. Cisco would like to thank Dan Kaminsky for notifying vendors about his findings. Note that vulnerability information for Cisco IOS Software is being provided in this advisory outside of the announced publication schedule for Cisco IOS Software described at http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt due to industry-wide disclosure of the vulnerability. Status of this Notice: FINAL ============================ THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND DOES NOT IMPLY ANY KIND OF GUARANTEE OR WARRANTY, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. YOUR USE OF THE INFORMATION ON THE DOCUMENT OR MATERIALS LINKED FROM THE DOCUMENT IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. CISCO RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE OR UPDATE THIS DOCUMENT AT ANY TIME. A stand-alone copy or Paraphrase of the text of this document that omits the distribution URL in the following section is an uncontrolled copy, and may lack important information or contain factual errors. Distribution ============ This advisory is posted on Cisco's worldwide website at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20080708-dns.shtml In addition to worldwide web posting, a text version of this notice is clear-signed with the Cisco PSIRT PGP key and is posted to the following e-mail and Usenet news recipients. * cust-security-announce@cisco.com * first-teams@first.org * bugtraq@securityfocus.com * vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org * cisco@spot.colorado.edu * cisco-nsp@puck.nether.net * full-disclosure@lists.grok.org.uk * comp.dcom.sys.cisco@newsgate.cisco.com Future updates of this advisory, if any, will be placed on Cisco's worldwide website, but may or may not be actively announced on mailing lists or newsgroups. Users concerned about this problem are encouraged to check the above URL for any updates. Revision History ================ +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Revision 1.0 | 2008-July-08 | Initial public release | +-----------------------------------------------------------+ Cisco Security Procedures ========================= Complete information on reporting security vulnerabilities in Cisco products, obtaining assistance with security incidents, and registering to receive security information from Cisco, is available on Cisco's worldwide website at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.h.... This includes instructions for press inquiries regarding Cisco security notices. All Cisco security advisories are available at http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt. +-------------------------------------------------------------------- Copyright 2007-2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. +-------------------------------------------------------------------- Updated: Jul 08, 2008 Document ID: 107064 +-------------------------------------------------------------------- -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1.4.9 (GNU/Linux) iEYEARECAAYFAkhztUIACgkQ86n/Gc8U/uCAgACfVRRoJO4w4defnpwbNlfgBm4t 2SMAnjKCKECHtsjN9umqqPrPd2DW4IcC =XGZw -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----