While there maybe "bad" regionals that need to be hardened (sorry Laura, I can remember the new politically correct word, i'm not very good at this politics stuff), there is a much larger need to harden the backbone infrastructure through alternatives, the CIX being one. Its pretty frightening what "the market" could do with a 1/8th of the funds being poured into the current nsfnet. If you look at the upcoming solicitation from NSF they say that implicitly - you can do the math yourself.

Marty

From here it appears that the CIX has punted on the problem for the moment by only bringing up one point of contact (I assume that packets wouldn't

This leads to a topic which I personally find interesting. One advantage of a single, large (well-working) "backbone", with the asymmetric relationship to client networks which this implies, is that it simplifies routing considerably for just about everyone. Making two or more points of contact work well between networks which wish to maintain some sort of symmetric relationship makes the problem of obtaining decent routing between them quite hard. The two-backbone NSFnet proposal, and the CIX model as I understand it, both seem to have the potential for producing some really intriguing routing problems. The NSF seems to be covering their bets by also spending big bucks for a routing arbiter, whose problem I assume this would become. travel between Reston, VA and Falls Church, VA via California if this weren't the case). While this does simplify things considerably, it can obviously lead to some very long distance paths between geographically close sites and (speaking of hardening) leaves a single point of failure where a fire or earthquake or backhoe may ruin a lot of peoples' days. I was wondering, then, if there was a routing plan for a possible future CIX with more players and more points of contact (or even a plan for bringing up the rumoured CIX-east), and if so is the plan available. In fact, I'd also like very much to see what the NSF had in mind for the two backbones in terms of routing, though I suspect even they aren't quite sure at this point. Dennis Ferguson