Hi all, Happy new year... I have a question regarding multi-homing, mostly from stub network's operational point of view. My big question is: what kind of failures do you usually see from your providers? Link down? Link up, but withdraw some routes? Link up, no route change, but blackholing partial or all traffic? Anything else? Let's say that I have two local routers (Ra and Rb) connecting to two providers, A and B. If router Ra sees provider A with problems of the first two cases (link down, link up but withdraw routes), the Rb can easily step up. My question is, if I am using provider A as the default, but provider A has the third problem (link up, no route change, but blackholing traffic), how can I detect it and switch provider automatically? To state this problem in detail: I use a static default route on Ra to forward traffic to provider A, or receive 0/0 from provider A via BGP. For some reason, provider A can no longer reach a /24. My network cannot be notified (unless, I receive a full internet routing table). In this case, all I know is that my traffic to /24 is blackholed through provider A. In this case, is there an automatic way for my stub network to switch over to provider B? Do I have to do the detection and switch over manually? I don't think VRRP can help here, right? Thanks. -Simon