-----Original Message----- From: owner-nanog@merit.edu [mailto:owner-nanog@merit.edu]On Behalf Of Steven M. Bellovin Sent: Thursday, September 13, 2001 9:44 PM To: Vandy Hamidi Cc: nanog@merit.edu Subject: Re: IPSEC and PAT
It is working now. I've done it with Linksys and Netopia DSL routers. Software client on the laptop that DOES tunnel mode ESP. No AH and running through a PAT and it works flawlessly. I just want to know how it works, I've already determined that it does. The point where my logic fails is where PAT relies on modifying
In message <912A91BC69F4D3119D1B009027D0D40C01BB45A7@exchange1.secure.insweb.co m>, Vandy Hamidi writes: the TCP/UDP
port numbers, an ESP packet has a standard IP header with an additional protocol 50 ESP header. Since there is no ports to change to create a table to keep track of which packet came from which internal client, what is used to keep track. Someone said something about the UDP encapsulation, but what about the NETOPIA which doesn't do that?
I repeat -- it doesn't do PAT. Some "routers" -- they're really no such thing, of course; they're NAT boxes and/or bridges -- allow one host behind them to speak IPsec. If a host emits a packet using ESP, it's tagged as *the* IPsec user; return IPsec packets are routed to that host. (Some of these boxes may use manual configuration instead or in addition.) You can't have two IPsec hosts, because there's no way to know which should receive incoming packets -- there's no relationship between inbound and outbound SPIs.
As for the UDP encapsulation -- yes, the IETF's IPsec working group is moving in that direction. But it's not standardized yet, and there may be patent issues to sort through.
I looked at this a while back... I am dusting off the cobwebs of my mind, so no flames please. I believe that the NATing device must modify the SPI values. The sending device sends out an ESP packet with src addy of, say 192.168.1.2, to the NAT router. The router must look at the TCP port to determine that it's IPSEC in order to figure out that it's a special case and NAT it. It then must modify the SPI value (which is partially made up of the src IP address) as it leaves because the NAT dst device will use the info in the SPI value in the formulation of it's reply. If this is wrong, please correct me... I'm interested in knowing as well. FWIW, I was recently told by one vendor that some company has developed a technology that will support multiple NAT'ed clients and that they have patented this concept. Anyone know if there is any truth to this or who might have developed said patent? Regards, Tim
--Steve Bellovin, http://www.research.att.com/~smb http://www.wilyhacker.com