Even if diversity exists, we need to consider (from an engineering perspective) capacity requirements. Analogy example: FedEx, UPS and others provide huge quantities of shipping, and sustaining the infrastructure growth of the Internet to some substantial degree relies on this capacity. What would the direct and indirect impact of losing the airport at Memphis, or the FedEx sorting facility? Pretty substantial, and long lasting, I'd guess. Similarly, while certain peering locations and relationships have redundancies, the Venn diagrams for union and intersection sets of bilateral peering are non-trivial. It would take a large number of incident locations to affect global route distribution substantially, but only two or three incidents before the impact on available peering capacity (private and public) would be noticable to the general end-user. I think to some degree this should be taken seriously - we should all ask ourselves, does our peering diversity address *capacity* issues sufficiently to handle even one major site outage (eg the power outages at 25 Broadway)? And in considering this, look at each site itself and what the impact of it going away, even temporarily, would be. (Our plans involve going to a large number of neutral colos, for just this reason, among others.) Brian Dickson Velocita Corp.