Karl Denninger <karl@Mcs.Net> wrote:
Any provider that does not recognize the value of bilateral, no-settlement peering anywhere that its cost-effective for both parties (ie: if you have traffic destined for me, get it on MY network where I'm being paid to carry it and let ME figure the rest out!) deserves what they get.
Zero-settlement peerings open to anyone are demonstrably amount to subsidies from large peers to small.
Absolutely correct: can I direct you to two of our articles on the subject (and a useful graphic): http://www.economist.com/issue/19-10-96/ld4401.html http://www.economist.com/issue/19-10-96/sf0774.html http://www.economist.com/issue/19-10-96/sf1.gif
Zero-settlements work only when peers are of comparable size. Any attempt to extort pressure to force it upon anyone simply causes large folks to flee.
That's true: in a conversation with Phil Lawlor (CEO of AGIS), he told me that one of his customers ISPs, who was also peering with AGIS at the Mae-E, indulged in "bandwidth stealing" by receiving their Usenet news feed across Mae-E rather than as an AGIS customer across the few T-1s they had to AGIS. Surely a hierarchy which implements the rule you outline above works: a pair of small regional ISPs may want to peer regionally for good reason, because they are the same size there isn't much inequity in this relationship. Two large ISPs may wish to do the same. However, a small ISP who wants its traffic carried by a large ISP (i.e. peer with them) may have little choice but to pay for this traffic to be carried: so becomes a customer. That way you have a hierarchy as follows: Bacbkbone providers who may peer with each other Large regional providers who are customers of the backbone providers (so by DS-3s or whatever from BBNplanet, UUnet) and who may peer regionally. While also present at bix exchanges, they are unlikely to peer with the big six/seven/eight but may well peer with foreign ISPs at those exchanges. Azeem Azeem Azhar vx: 0171-830 7133 The Economist fx: 0171-839 2968 25 St James's Street London SW1A 1HG