On Feb 14, 2008, at 7:06 PM, Paul Vixie wrote:
kch670@eecs.northwestern.edu ("Kai Chen") writes:
A typical Internet Exchange Point (IXP) consists of one or more network switches <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch>, to which each of the participating ISPs connect. We call it the exchange-based topology. My question is if some current IXPs use directly-connected topology, in which ISPs just connect to each other by direct link, not through a network switch?? If so, what's the percentage of this directly- connected case?
when i last worked at PAIX, the private interconnects wildly outnumbered the switch connection. the model seemed to be, use the switch to reach all of the other participants, but whenever you had a hot neighbor, get a PNI.
in other words there appeared to be no "exchange-based topology", more like a "hybrid exchange and PNI topology." -- Paul Vixie
Obvious as it is, if one of your peerings on an IX gets big in terms of in/out volumes, you HAVE to secure it by PNI. You need a way to prevent the IX's equipments from being a SPoFs between you and that peer. I'm not saying one should convert every single IX peering into a PNI, as I feel both are pretty much required: your smallest peers shall be secured on as many IXes as possible, your biggest ones via PNI. IX peering is mandatory to keep internet routing diversity up to par - and enable small ASes to grow. Also, it is a wrong assumption to state that IX will make you spare money on transit, from my perspective they should be seen as securing multiple narrower paths to the internet. Greg VILLAIN Independant Network & Telco Architecture Consultant