This conversation has been very useful, but gotten a little bit away from what I was originally asking. Though it has still been interesting. Can I redirect the discussion back towards whether IP QoS/CoS is capable of replacing ATM in a multi-service network, limited to the boundaries of your own network? If I were to put together a native-IP network (probably POS) which was running high levels of traffic (at least DS-3 to start and probably OC-3), and put services such as dial-up, hosting/co-locate, DSL, and high-speed dedicated, and mix in VoIP, is it feasible to use one IP pipe and logically segment it with IP QoS/CoS features? So far, it seems that the way to do this is to physically or logically segment the network using separate circuits or ATM. But it would make a lot of sense (in theory at least) to use IP and bunch everything together. Pete.