Diverse entrances are standard in telecom hotels and major data centres. I don't think you have made the redundancy argument for satellite particularly given the relative expense of transponders vis-a-vis private line capacity on the major routes. However, it could play a role in some cases. Also satellite's latency is simply too high for the applications of financial firms. Every millisecond of delays costs millions in lost trading profits over the course of a year. The real failure is relying on just one data centre for backup. Most of the smarter European and North American financial firms now have data centres in both Europe and North America and replicate their data across TransAtlantic links. A lot of large file transfers at night for the hedge funds. Roderick S. Beck Hibernia Atlantic 1, Passage du Chantier, 75012 Paris http://www.hiberniaatlantic.com Wireless: 1-212-444-8829. Landline: 33-1-4346-3209 rod.beck@hiberniaatlantic.com rodbeck@erols.com ``Unthinking respect for authority is the greatest enemy of truth.'' Albert Einstein. This e-mail and any attachments thereto is intended only for use by the addressee(s) named herein and may be proprietary and/or legally privileged. If you are not the intended recipient of this e-mail, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this email, and any attachments thereto, without the prior written permission of the sender is strictly prohibited. If you receive this e-mail in error, please immediately telephone or e-mail the sender and permanently delete the original copy and any copy of this e-mail, and any printout thereof. All documents, contracts or agreements referred or attached to this e-mail are SUBJECT TO CONTRACT. The contents of an attachment to this e-mail may contain software viruses that could damage your own computer system. While Hibernia Atlantic has taken every reasonable precaution to minimize this risk, we cannot accept liability for any damage that you sustain as a result of software viruses. You should carry out your own virus checks before opening any attachment