I made it a few dozen pages into the white paper, it's 200+ pages long and TBH just rambles on about what spam bots are and other basic definitions. No one who doesn't know all that will even attempt to read your paper I don't think. THAT SAID, I got to the point where it required CAPTCHAs of senders and thought well, that's theoretically possible, but quite a threshold to expect of others who may not much care if you read their email, but you the recipient may care a lot and oh well you never get the mail. It doesn't add much, really, and spammers figured out how to bust things like CAPTCHAs decades ago*. I accept there's probably more to your idea, put it on one or two pages. * Take the CAPTCHA image, flash it up on another site which offers access to free porn for solving the CAPTCHA, forward answer to original site. -- -Barry Shein Software Tool & Die | bzs@TheWorld.com | http://www.TheWorld.com Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: +1 617-STD-WRLD | 800-THE-WRLD The World: Since 1989 | A Public Information Utility | *oo*