many servers are also starting to feature IPMI <nanog@merit.edu> which allows for the remote console (that provides the VGA output slow.. only good for emergencies or for Windows servers) and power cycling of servers. Compaq/HP includes this feature in their Proliant servers, and many other white box vendors do too via the re-selling/integration of machines/motherboards from companies like SuperMicro.com. if anyone has some really specific questions about IPMI and various motherboard manufactures i might be able to help out as i work as a Sr. System Engineer at a white box company (but in reality i'm a unix hack/administrator) -mike -- hanulec@hanulec.com cell: 858.518.2647 && 516.410.4478 https://secure.hanulec.com EFnet irc && aol im: hanulec