I saw this issue randomly on Windows PCs due to IPV6 TCP checksum offloading.
Try the following on the problem Windows machine:
- Open the Device Manager -> Network Adapters -> Network Interface (Ethernet NIC):
- Under the Network Adapter -> Advanced Tab, disable these options if present:
TCP Checksum Offloading (IPV6) -> Disabled
UDP Checksum Offloading (IPV6) -> Disabled
- Try Windows update again