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2006.02.15 v6fix: Wiping the Slate Clean for IPv6
Kenjiro Cho, WIDE/IIJ, Ruri Hiromi, WIDE/Intec NetCore

Will be talking about their efforts to deploy
IPv6, called v6fix.

v6fix is an effort to solve problems in the current
v6 deployment.
focuses on v4/v6 dual stack environments.
it's a technical analysis of real world problem
Kenjiro will talk about tools and measurements.

deployment status
majority of equipment out there is v6 available
from major vendors
still many applications and appliances just work
 with v4
v6 is starting to get into various business fields
Many people lack knowledge/experience with v6.
 when non-experts hit problems, they're clueless.

Example: illiteracy.
Hotel internet systems have instructions for guest.
 troubleshooting: if you have IPv6 enabled, please
  disable IPv6--brochure in guest room.
Cause of problem: combination.
  DNS redirection returns specific A record for AAAA
 clients stub-resolver accepts the A for AAAA, can't
  get out.

Wiping the slate clean for the v6
faulty behaviours only 1% and combinatorial often, but
could be fatal to deployment.
 slow fallback to v4 after v6 errors
 misbehaving DNS resolvers
 filtering of ICMPv6
 DNS misconfigurations
 poorly configured tunnels
 lack of peering or v6 paths
 
v6fix activities (research group)
 identify/analysze/solve real-world tech problems
 in v6 deployment.
 Enemy: "after disabling v6, my problems went away"
Cooperation needed between researches, implementers, ops.

v6fix topics
harmful effects of the on-link assumption.
misbehaving DNS servers and resolvers
slow fallback to v4 after v6 failures

Examples:
case 1: DNS loop at hotel
real story of hotel internet system--went to same room,
 investigated.
DNS is intercepted, redirected to signup page
ipv6 users can't get beyond first page
hotel instructions say to disable v6
erroneus DNS redirection system and stub-resolver
redirection system always returns specific A record
 when getting non-A queries
client's stub resolver queries AAAA for any address,
 blindly accepts A return response.

case 2: DNS server slowdown
Japanse ISP
ISP upgraded a DNS cache to BIND9, recieved complaints
 about slowdown.
recompiling BIND9 with --disable-ipv6, fixed problem,
 reported to JANOG
Caused by older BIND9 w/o IPv6 connectivity
 server w/o v6 connectivity always tries to talk over v6,
 ends up failing back to v4 after timeouts
 fixed in BIND9.2.5 and 9.3.1

Common factors
1 problems appear only with specific combinatorial conditions
2 implementors and operators didn't notice until reported
3 even for professionals, not easy to track down problems.

Kenjiro Cho, Tools:
v6 tools and measurement results
Goal: to understand the macro-level v6 healthiness
current methodologies
 wide area meaasuremetn of behaviours of 2nd/3rd level
 DNS servers
 dual stack issues

DNS server measurements of .jp domain
AAAA responses: 0.13% DNS servers can't deal with
  AAAA requests
Most are lame delegation type errors.
ignore AAAA queries
respond with RCODE 3 ("name error") NXDOMAIN

dual-stack path analysis
measurement techniques specifically designed for
dual-stack
 take measurements for v4 and v6 at same time
 compare v6 results with v4 results
 extract problems that exist in v6 only
methodology
 dual-stack node discovery
 create dual-stack node list by monitoring DNS AAAA replies.
 dual stack ping
 run ping/ping6 to target dual-stack nodes
 select a few representative nodes per site (/48) by RTT
dual-stack traceroute
 trace/trac6 to selected nodes
 visula v6 MTU to look at issues
 visualize path issues

distribution of v6/v4 RTTs
4000 ping targets v4 on x-axis, v6 on y axis
individual nodes far above  unity line--leaf issues

paths and PMTU visualization
from NYSERNET to ARIN sites

Many of ARIN paths via jp!  (lack of peering)

>From ISC to ARIN sites--paths look much better, but
lots of blue == lots of tunnels

Abilene case: well known problem.
Abilene trying to encourage v6 adoption
  no AUP, tunnel services for v6
but ended up with horrible v6 paths, mostly with tunnels
 ISPs are reluctant to move to paid v6 connectivity
Abilene thinking about suspending its relaxed AUP for v6
tool tries to illustrate such issues, convince users to
 move to native v6

dual stack traceroute to ABILENE from WIDE (v4 upper,
 v6 lower)
similar RTTs/hops for v4/v6; native dual-stack paths

dual-stack trace to ABILENE from IIJ
similar RTTs, but different paths: currently more common

dualstack traceroue to ABILINE fro ES
v6 RTTs much larger than v4: roundabout tunnels

Conclusion: faulty behaviours are only 1% and often
combinatorial, but can be fatal to acceptance of v6
 slow fallback to v4 on v6 errors

knowledge sharing
 need to realize the dangers of harmful of adoption of v6
 cooperation among researchers, implementers, and ops
 need to act now, or will bring negative impact to v6
  deployment

Acknowlegements
 v6fix members, etc.

http://v6fix.net/
 overview, documents, and fact database.

contact at v6fix.net
 reports of issues are welcome