There's been a whole lot of chatter recently about whether or not it's sensible to require balanced peering ratios when selling heavily unbalanced services to customers. There's a very simple solution, it seems. Just have every website, every streaming service, every bit of consumable internet data have built-in reciprocity. You want to stream a movie? No problem; the video player opens up a second data port back to a server next to the streaming box; its only purpose is to accept a socket, and send all bits received on it to /dev/null. The video player sends back an equivalent stream of data to what is being received in. The server receiving the upstream data stream checks the bitrate coming into it from the player, and communicates back to the video streaming box every few minutes to lower the outbound bitrate going to the player to match what the inbound bitrate coming from the client is. That way, traffic volumes stay nicely balanced, and everyone is happy. For extra credit, and to deal with multiple layers of NAT in the v4 world, you could even piggyback on the same stream, though that would take just a bit more work. Mobile apps could be programmed the same way; you download a certain amount of data, an equivalent volume of data is sent back upstream to balance it out, and preserve the holy ratio. Even web pages could use javascript footers to send back upstream an equivalent amount of data to what was downloaded. Once and for all, we could put an end to the ceaseless bickering about ratios, as everyone, everywhere would be forced into glorious unity, a perfect 1:1 ratio wherever the eye should look. As far as I can tell, this should solve *everyone's* concerns from all sides, all in one simple effort. Matt