Seems to me the whole effort of setting up the organization and adding the extra header is simply for the sake of making spamming -- or rather not complying with a method for allowing spam to be filtered -- a prosecutable offense. I agree with the motive, but it seems a very round-about way. Also, it is a cludge solution for SMTP spamming, and does not setup any sort of structure for dealing with similar problems as the Internet evolves. I do highly agree with making this a civil, or contractual offense, and not a criminal act. I'd rather not see any government entity attempt any jurisdiction over the 'net, however justified the particular law seems. The problem with making it a civil offense around trademark and misrepresentation issues is that enforceability will vary greatly depending on the jurisdiction, especially trademark, and therefore does not scale well the the global Internet. Secondly I disagree with is making this enforcing body a private, membership-based organization -- it may be subject to abuse. What I think would work best, along the same lines and motivation, would be council of sorts, perhaps with the EFF and IETF as the principle members, that would draft a policy. That policy would be adopted by the public exchange points as part of the legal contract for NSP's to connect there, which would apply to the NSP, and everyone downstream of them. It would therefore be incorporated into any connection contract down the line. By incorporating it into the connection contract, it falls under contract law and is much more universal, and the abuser may be charged with breach of contract, which is tied to their connectivity. As for the particular fix for SMTP spamming, I would then suggest a priority header. [0 -- reserved] (emergency priority) [1-3 -- private email] [4 -- solicited distribution] (mailing lists, etc) [5 -- unsolicited distribution] (spam) SMTP server may do whatever it wishes with the header (ignore it, implement a priority based queue, filtering ,etc), and the header is not even required (but likely will be universally adopted to insure delivery after a grace period), the only contractual obligation is that it cannot be misrepresented. I don't quite get the whole dual port deal. Matt