Al, Tuesday, February 4, 2003, 10:20:50 AM, you wrote: AR> Don't even need that. I can telnet into the appropriate server/port 1. as you note, that is a solution that does not scale to millions of non-technical users. 2. many people need access from their laptops (ie, their "office), rather than having all their mail accessible over the Internet, only accessible when online. AR> Open<->Secure, choose your business plan carefully. Good Luck. The issue is not about losing "openness" but about losing interoperability. There is no technical reason high quality interoperability prevents high quality security, or at least acceptable authentication (accountability). d/ -- Dave <mailto:dcrocker@brandenburg.com> Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://www.brandenburg.com> t +1.408.246.8253; f +1.408.850.1850