Eventhough this article wasn't specifically regarding network operations, it does come down to the most fundamental of network operating practices. Create policies and the procedures that enable those policies. Then enforce them VERY strictly. The crucial element in the password thefts that provided access at Cisco and elsewhere was the intruder's use of a corrupted version of a standard software program, SSH. The intruder probed computers for vulnerabilities that allowed the installation of the corrupted program, known as a Trojan horse In the Cisco case, the passwords to Cisco computers were sent from a compromised computer by a legitimate user unaware of the Trojan horse Folks that handle sensitive info (proprietary code, personal info, HIPPA FERPA, SOX, .mil, etc, etc) should be allowed to download software only from company servers where all software has been cleared by folks that're experts in evaluating software packages. Not from the general internet. scott