There is a much simpler game that costs the ISP a lot more money. Fortunately, it's not a common business model. Let's say I am a TV network, and I want to simulcast a TV show once a week to the Internet. I might need 2-3 Gig of capacity during the simulcast, but the rest of the time I need none. So, I buy 95% service, stream for 4 hours a month, which is thrown away in any of the counting schemes put forth so far, and pay nothing. Lather, rinse, repeat with each TV show. There's no incentive to buy a bundle of service and stream all the shows (more approximating continuous usage) from one place. Fortunately this application is small, but if you were a web hoster you could do the same thing with multiple providers. With 20 providers, you could move your bandwidth with that provider only 5% of the time, paying nothing for service with any of them. -- Leo Bicknell - bicknell@ufp.org Systems Engineer - Internetworking Engineer - CCIE 3440 Read TMBG List - tmbg-list-request@tmbg.org, www.tmbg.org