Howard, Quite frankly, I am not opposed to *anything* very much, EXCEPT for blanket statements that clearly state that the *only* solution is end-user-renumbering. NAT boxes, are not 'my-cup-o'-tea' as well, but it does offer a new commercial market for hardware vendors, and does help bandaid some problem areas. The *better* approach, IMO, is router configuration parameters in that do the translation: ip translation .... ..... ^Z write mem write net ..... No matter and irregardless of the exact implementation, there are numerous opportunites for aggregating IP routes in routers.... hopefully it will not become a marketing scheme to sell everyone NATs ..... and hence the mantra.... CIDR, renumber, NAT or DIE..... (please, not again...!!) It is not rocket science to do address translation in YFRM routers..... but there is not a lot of money in it. The hooks to make it work in the Big I is not impossible as well....... My only point is.... kindly stated..... there are more ways than one, in the Southern venacular, to 'skin a cat'.... See ya'll later :-) Tim