Several folks have made sweeping statements that website owners/designers must make changes to live with caches, or their sites will suffer. One problem with that statement is, there are LOTS of caches and each has its own idiosyncracies. Further, they can be locally tuned. Bill Simpson already stated publicly that he tunes his caches to ignore anything that says it isn't to be cached, for example. The whole mess reminds me a great deal of route filtering. Someone, somewhere might filter your route from their BGP feed. This might cause a large number of people to have no access to content provided by a server farm somewhere. How's the server owner (or farm owner) to know? They don't, until some prospective user sends a note that a site is "always down." Technologies which mess with the end-to-end nature of the 'net, and especially which are transparent to end users and far from content providers, invariably make the 'net less useful and less reliable. -- ----------------------------------------------------------------- Daniel Senie dts@senie.com Amaranth Networks Inc. http://www.amaranth.com