Would this also extend to intentional actions that may have had unintended consequences, such as provider A intentionally de-peering provider B, or the monopoly telco for $country cutting itself off from the rest of the global Internet for various reasons (technical, political, or otherwise)?
That said, I'd still have to stick with AS7007, the Baltimore tunnel fire, and 9/11 as the most prominent examples of widespread issues/outages and how those issues were addressed.
Honorable mention: $vendor BGP bugs, either due to $vendor ignoring the relevant RFCs, implementing them incorrectly, or an outage exposed a design flaw that the RFCs didn't catch. Too many of those to list here :)
jms