I'm so confused about how/why this thread focuses specifically on Google Groups spams. Some weeks ago, I calculated the percentage of spams vs legit-emails sent to my real-human-being users (a few thousand of them) for whom I host email (so, no spamtraps!), over a few-days period of time, and the amount of spam sent from Google servers was a full 1/3rd of everything sent to these users from Google servers. That's horrific. (this includes emails sent from both their gmail system and their google workspaces business email system) Also, the following is anecdotal, but as I was auditing a random sampling of those Google-server-sent spams at that time, I don't recall seeing even a single Google Groups spam, so at the least, that was a low percentage of all such spams. Rob McEwen, invaluement